导图社区 英语语法全图谱
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英语语法全图谱
根据李辉老师语法课程整理，语法常考点思维导图。下图内容包括六大分支，分别为：名词、动词、形容词、副词、并列句、三大从句。
编辑于2020-12-09 11:43:01- 相似推荐
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语法图谱
名词
什么地方用？
【主语】一定是名词
The story is true.
“名词性从句”也是名词性质That Li Hui teaches English is true.
【宾语】一定是名词
I want some food.
【非谓语动词】也可以当作名词I want to go home.
【表语】可以是名词
Li Hui is a teacher.
Li Hui is handsome.
Li Hui is in Beijing.
【介词】➕ 名词
介词后面的名词都要写成动名词！
I have been looking forward to meeting you.
【限定词】➕ 名词
冠词（a/an/the）➕ 名词
形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/its/our/your/their）➕ 名词
指示代词（this/that/these/those）➕ 名词
these单独出现表示“这些人”，those单独出现表示“那些人”
【形容词】【介词短语】【定语从句】【非谓语】修饰名词
a handsome teacher
the teacher in my heart
the teacher who teaches English
the teacher teaching English
名词考什么？
可数不可数、单复数
可数
不可数
常见不可数名词
所有格
Li Hui's photo
表所属：某人的照片
I can't remember all ______（student）names.
答：students'
动词如何变名词
【同根词】/【加后缀】
introduce>introduction
东西、后不加宾语
I am reading the introduction of the book.
【doing】/【动名词】
introduce>introducing
动作、后可以加宾语
I am looking forward to introducing the new movie to you.
【to do】
I want to study Japanese.
这里的to study Japanese是做want的宾语
【the➕ done】
The_____（wound）should be taken good care of.
答：wounded
【v-er】【v-ee】
employer，interviewer，trainer（施动者）employee，interviewee，trainee（受动者）
动词
谓语动词
什么时候用
一句一主谓
当某个单句没有谓语动词时，就需要加上谓语动词
谓语考什么？
时态
一般现在时
【常态】
“吃喝睡”
经常/真的/老/是…的
Li Hui teaches English.
一般过去时
【讲故事】
“动作发生在过去，句子也在描述过去”
“曾经/当时/刚刚”
现在完成时
【延续性/影响性】
“动作发生在过去，句子却描述现在”
“已经”
过去完成时
【过去的过去】
I told you I had written a book.
过去将来时
【发生在过去的将来】
I told you I would write a book.
过去将来时一般用于told/heard/said/asked/thought的后面
一般将来时
will do
“无计划，无预谋”
be going to do
“有计划，有预谋”
be to do/be about to do
“立刻/马上”
“威逼利诱句型”
祈使句➕ and/or ➕ sb. will do sth.Come here ，and I will hug you.Come here ，or I will beat you.
“主将从现/主情从现/主祈从现”
if/unless/as long as/when/as soon as
I will come if you need me.
I can come if you need me.
Hug me if you miss me.
【时间表】用一般时表将来
火车，飞机，上学放学，电影，商场开关门
【瞬间动作】用进行时表将来
come，go，arrive，leave，enter，die，end，start，begin
The old man is dying.
各种进行时
在某一时间点/段上【正在做】
I will be flying to Shanghai at this time tomorrow afternoon.
完成进行时
【一直做一直做一直做已经做了很长时间还在做】
have /has been doing
到现在为止一直做
had been doing
到过去某时间点一直做
语态
be /get ➕ done
谓语动词的被动是be done/ get done（非谓语动词的被动是done）
be/get会有时态变化
主谓一致（主语的单复数决定谓语的形式）
主语是单数，谓语也是单数
My family is a big one.
一个集合
主语是复数，谓语也是复数
My family are watching TV.
一堆元素
非谓语动词
什么时候用
一句一主谓
当某个单句已有谓语动词时，就需要加非谓语动词
非谓语考什么
七大常考形式（形式不一样，意思不一样学会根据意思判断形式）
主动【doing 】
Smiling, Tom walked in.
被动【done 】
Beaten, Tom walked in.
要做/ 未做/ 去做【to do 】
To finish his homework, Tom turned to Jerry for help.
关注【to do】的固定用法（10%）
want/desire/expect to do
sb is said/reported/expected to do
形容词➕ to do
I am happy to do.
英语难学结构
English is hard for us to study.
作业要做结构
I have homework for me to do.（自己做作业）I have homework to be done.（谁做都行）
only ➕ to do
表示出乎意料的结果：“结果却…”
He went home，only to find everything stolen.
要被做【to be done 】
Everyone wants to be praised.
正在被做【being done 】
Being scolded by his father, Tom felt sad.
之前做【having done 】
Having eaten in this restaurant before, Tom refused to come again.
之前被做【having been done 】
Having been beaten badly, Tom refused to come again.
只能做状语
形容词
什么时候用
定语
修饰名词
一般放在名词前
I want to tell you an interesting story.
如果跟其他东西搭配，共同修饰一个名词，则放在名词之后（非常考）
This is a story interesting for me.
修饰不定代词
放在不定代词之后
I want to tell you something interesting.
不定代词：something，somebody，anything，anybody，nothing…
表语
表语就是“主语的表现”：The story is interesting.
常见的表语形容词（只能做表语的形容词）
alikealoudasleepalivealoneafraid…
补语
I will make the child happy.
补语是主干结构
形容词考什么
名词变形容词
-ful
-less
同根词
动词变形容词
变doing
令人…
exciting
变done
感到…
excited
加able表示“能…的”
eatable
形容词的比较级和最高级
碰到as选原级
Li Hui is as handsome as Wu Yanzu.
碰到than选比较级
Li Hui is more handsome than Wu Yanzu.
碰到in/of/among最高级
Li Hui is the most handsome man among/of all human beings in the world.
副词
什么时候用
副词修饰动词
be后
Tom is really ugly.
实前
Tom really likes bananas.
助实间
Tom should really stop smoking.
副词修饰句子
Unfortunately，Tom die.
副词修饰其他形容词或副词
Tom is really ugly.
Tom runs really fast.
副词考什么
形容词➕ ly
比较级最高级（同形容词）
修饰比较级
far，a little，a bit，much，a lot，a great deal，any，even，still等
三大从句
什么地方用
从【充当的成分】来看
当【名词】用
名词性从句
主宾表同
当【形容词】用
形容词性从句【定语从句】
当【副词】用
副词性从句【状语从句】
从【主句完整性】来看
如果主句缺【 】
【主语从句】
That Tom is ugly is true.
【宾语从句】
We all know that Tom is ugly.
【表语从句】
The fact is that Tom is ugly.
如果主句不缺【 】
【同位语从句】
I know the fact that Tom is ugly.同位语从句也叫内容从句
用来解释先行词的【内容】
同从的先行词是【抽象名词】
【定语从句】
I know the fact that Tom said.
用来对先行词“修饰限定”
定从的先行词是任意名词
【状语从句】
明确给出主句的时间/地点/原因/结果/方式/目的/条件/让步/比较等，把主句变“壮大”
壮从用来修饰主句「这件事」
I read English，
when I'm free.
本来没说时间，现在加上了时间
where others play.
本来没说地点，现在加上了地点
because I want to study abroad.
本来没说原因，现在加上了原因
if I'm free.
本来没说条件，现在加上了条件
从句考什么
根据意思选引导词1、有哪些引导词2、分别是啥意思3、有啥特殊要求
名词性从句
从句本身不缺名词
that
不翻译，不作成分
if
是否
whether
是否
用途较if广
The question is whether Tom is ugly.
when
…的那个时候
I forgot when I should be back.
where
…的那个地方
I forgot where I met her.
why
…的那个原因
I forgot why he left.
how
…的那个方式
I wonder how I can go home.
怎么
I wonder how I can go home.
多么
I am surprised at how ugly Tom is.
从句本身缺名词
who
…的那个人
who能做主语和宾语
Who killed Tom is still a mystery.
whom
…的那个人
whom只能做宾语
I wonder whom Tom killed.
which
哪个
There are 3 apples.I don't know which you like.
有选择范围
what
…的那个东西
I don't know what I can do.
没有选择范围
例外
which和what修饰名词
I don't know which student broke the window.
I don't know what fruit you like.
定语从句（主句中有一个名词，用从句对它做出进一步修饰限定）
特殊关系词
as
“正如”
As we all know ，Tom is ugly.As is known to all ，Tom is ugly.Tom is ugly ，which is known to all.
as和which一样，可以指代整个主句
as引导的定从可以放在整个主句之前
whose
“ta的，ta们的”
I have a house whos windows face the sea.
关系代词从句缺名词
“他/她/它/他们”
who
Li Hui is a teacher who teaches English.
whom
Tom is the teacher whom we beat every day.
which
Tom never wears a thing which makes him different.
which可译为“它”
限制性定语从句只能修饰名词
Tom never wears a thing, which makes him different.
which可译为“这件事”
非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词，也可以修饰主句（把整个主句当作一个名词）
that
Li Hui is a teacher that teaches English.
that 的用法口诀：“人物绝不避人物”
人
Li Hui is a teacher that teaches English.
物
Li Hui has a pen that is very beautiful.
绝
TT is the only teacher that teaches Chinese in Youdao.
最高级，序数词，only/very
不
I know something that you don't know.
不定代词：是代词，但不确定指代谁。
避
Who is the man that is so ugly？
人物
The man and his car that I saw just now were very ugly.
关系代词判断法则（语法填空）
空格前无逗号无介词，直接填that；否则不填that
Tom is a teacher _______teaches Maths.
Tom has a car _______is stolen.
逗号后，人用who，物用which
Tom is a teacher, _______is ugly.
Tom has a car, _____is ugly.
介词后，人用whom，物用which
Tom has a girlfriend with ______ he often quarrels.
Tom has a car in _____he often quarrels with his girlfriend.
关系副词从句不缺名词
when
“那会儿”
I still remember the days when
where
“在那儿”
I still remember the farm where we played together.
why
“之所以/为什么”
公式：The reason （why … ）is （that…）
关系副词解题技巧
why引导的定从只修饰reason；when和where则满足“非时间即地点”
⚠️在定从中，没有what和how
状语从句
本质：背单词（翻译）
30多个
状语从句的主句和从句一般都是完整的句子，因此，没有什么结构规律值得分析，只需要记住常见的引导词的含义。
从句知识大总结
1、如果主句不完整，则从句是主宾表
2、如果主句完整，则从句是同定状
3、如果从句不完整，则引导词是代词
4、如果从句完整，则引导词是连词或副词
并列
A=B结构相同含义类似
A and B
肯定句
I like Tom and Jerry.
A or B
否定句
I don't like Tom and Jerry.
A as well as B
I like Tom as well as Jerry.
not only A but （also）B
I like not only singing but also dancing.
Tom not only teaches Chinese but also sings well.
Li Hui is not only handsome but also clever.
Tom runs not only fast but also steady.
Tom works not only in Beijing but also in Tianjin.
介词
in
“范围里”
in the evening
arrive in +大地方
in anger
in regret
in danger
at
“点”
arrive at+小地点
at night
look at
shoot at
laugh at
stare at
knock at
aim at
on
“吸附”
特定某一天/特定的上午下午晚上
a lecture on science
to
“终点”
go to school
look forward to XXX
for
“为”（因为/为了）
look for
leave for Beijing
“花”（花钱/花时间）
I bought this book for 10 dollars.
for a long time
of
“修饰”
a book of stories
be made of（能看到原材料）
because of
“所属”
one （of us）
from
come from Shandong
be made from（看不到原材料）
over
“正上方/越过”
through
“介质中/穿过”
across
“平面上/经过”
under
“正下方”
above
上方（不一定是正上方）
“ab离开+over上方”
below
下方（不一定正下方）
“be存在+low低”
beneath
下方贴着
beyond
超越
beyond my imagination
with
伴随着
with+简单工具，表示“简单使用”
by
倚靠
by+复杂工具，表示“复杂使用”
交通工具
against
对着；怼
warn sb against
guarantee sb against sth保证某人免于
into
往里（动态）
进入
look into
成为
change into
out of
往外（动态）
Get out of here！
在外面（静态）
out of control
about
在周围
They fly about the bushes.
ab离开+out在外边
关于
Let‘s talk about books.
around
They fly around the bushes.
a一个+round圈
冠词
翻译法
翻译成“一，个，一个”，用a/an
元音音素前面用an；辅音音素前面用a
an hour；an apple；a university
翻译成“内，内个”，用the
It is ____long distance from here to______ restaurant.
特指泛指分析法
特指：明确知道说的是哪个
泛指：随便哪个都行，或一类中的一个
有the表具体；无the表抽象
in hospital 在住院；in the hospital在医院里
in bed在睡觉；in the bed在床上
play basketball/chess
play the piano
play pipa
in space在无限的太空中；in the universe在宇宙中；in the space在某一个具体空间中
in front of the bus在外部的前边；in the front of the bus在内部的前边
代词
什么地方用
有的地方，拿代词当名词用
I，me，mine，myself
有的地方，拿代词当形容词用
my
代词考什么
考翻译
I 我（主语）
me 我（宾语）
my 我的（形容词）
mine我的（名词）
myself我自己（名词）
eg：Tom is looking for______(he) mother.