中小学英语语法思维导图之宾语从句

学霸家长呕心整理，适用于中小学生归纳学习英语语法知识，可自行修改扩充知识点。

宾语从句

• 功能
  • 动词宾语
    • Tell your son that watching TV too much is bad for his eyes.
      • 告诉你儿子，看太多电视对眼睛不好
  • 介词宾语
    • It all depends on whether it will be fine tomorrow.
      • 所有一切取决于明天的天气是否晴朗
  • 系表结构宾语
    • I am not sure who will come soon.
      • 我不确信谁很快会来
    • sure/certain/glad/pleased/happy/sorry/afraid/satisfied/surprised
• 连接词
  • that
    • 不充当任何成分，无实际意义，非正式可省略
    • 当主句表达我（们）心理想法时，从句否定前移
      • We don't believe you can play the guitar.
        • 我们相信你不会弹吉他
      • He think you can't play the guitar.
        • 他认为你不会弹吉他
      • —I don't think that is his fault, is it?
        • 我认为这不是他的错，是吗？
      • —Yes,it is.
        • 不，这是他的错
    • 避免歧义不能省略情形
      • 出现多个that从句时只有第一个可省略
        • He said (that) studying is boring and that playing is interesting.
      • that从句中又有其他从句
        • I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
      • 宾语从句的主语包含that/this
        • The teacher said that that word was wrong.
      • 宾语从句是双宾中的直宾
        • I tell you that your porblem is very common.
      • it作形式宾语代替that从句
        • We took it for granted that they would help us.
      • that从句前有插入语
        • They told us once again that this would never happen.
  • whether/if
    • 不充当任何成分，含有是否之意，陈述语序，不可省略
    • 只用whether情形
      • 介词宾语从句
        • I'm interested in whether he likes English.
      • 与or not连用
        • Let me know whether he has passed the exam or not.
      • 与不定式连用
        • Tomorrow the teacher will tell us whether to have a test.
      • 从句前置于句首
        • Whether they can come here on time, I don't know.
      • 谓语动词为leave/put/discuss/doubt等时
        • I doubt whether he will keep his promise.
  • 连接代词
    • 充当成分，陈述语序，不能省略
    • Do you know who will come this afternoon?
      • 作主语
    • I don't konw whom you should depend on.
      • 作宾语
    • I don't know what it is.
      • 作表语
    • I don't know whose cap it is.
      • 作定语
    • Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?
      • 作定语
  • 连接副词
    • 充当状语，陈述语序，不能省略
    • He didn't tell me when Tom come here.
      • 作时间状语
    • Could you tell me where you bought the book?
      • 作地点状语
    • I will tell you why I am angry with him.
      • 作原因状语
    • I don't know how I will cross the river.
      • 作方式状语
    • I wonder how much the iPhone is.
      • 疑问短语how+
• 时态
  • 主句一般现在时
    • 从句随意
      • 根据从句的句意和时间状语确定
  • 主句一般过去时
    • 主从同发生
      • 过去进行时
    • 宾从先发生
      • 过去完成时
    • 宾从后发生
      • 过去将来时
        • I didn't know how I would cross the river.
    • 宾从表真理
      • 一般现在时
        • The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
• 形式简化
  • 不定式结构
    • 主从主语相同
      • 主句谓语动词是hope/wish/decide/agree/choose等
        • I hope that I can receive your letter.
        • I hope to receive your letter.
      • 主句谓语动词是know/remember/forget/learn等
        • She doesn't know what she could do next.
        • She doesn't know what to do next.
  • 宾补结构
    • 主句谓语动词是find/see/watch/hear等感官动词
      • She found that the walllet was lying on the ground.
      • She found the walllet lying on the ground.
  • 名词性短语
    • I don't believe what the girl said.
    • I don't believe the girl's words.