英语长难句分析

这是一篇关于英语长难句分析的思维导图。说起英文阅读，人们首先想到的是词汇量。没错，词汇量对于读懂文章来说非常重要，但是，很多时候，学生们在做题的时候发现，即使单词都认识，却依然看不懂文章，其中的原因包括许多方面，例如：句子结构、文章结构、逻辑关系、文化背景等，都对文章的理解起着非常重要的作用。

长难句分析

• 无语序障碍
• 有语序障碍
  • 简单句
    • 定语
      • 前置定语
        • 形容词
        • 动名词
        • 过去分词
        • 代词
        • 名词
      • 后置定语
        • 形容词短语
        • 动名词短语
        • 过去分词短语
        • 不定式短语
        • 介词短语
    • 同位语
      • 名词
        • Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.
        • He told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor.
        • 注意：同位语不影响谓语的形式。eg：Our teachers,each have a strong sense of responsibility for teaching us.
        • 形容词
          • eg:People,old and young,took to the streets to watch the parade.
      • 短语
        • 不定式
          • eg：He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason,to bring computers to people and make them "people-literate".
      • of
        • 限定词the+名词+of+名词
          • The city of Newcastle lies at the mouth of Newcastle river.
          • This flower blossoms in the month of May.
        • 不定冠词a/an+表示面积、长度、比例等名词+of+数字
          • Belgium has an area of 11778 square miles. Water has a density of 62.4 pounds per cubic foot. The air and fuel are mixed in a proportion of 15 to 1.
        • 限定词the、this、that等+名词+of+名词性物主代词或不带中心词的名词所有格
          • Those new shoes of yours look very smart.
          • What do you think of this sonata of Beethoven's?
        • 限定词the、all等+数词+of+宾格代词或名词
          • I'll take both of them
        • prupose,hope,question,fact等+动名词短语
          • Did the idea of becoming an engineer never enter your head?
        • 名词problem，question等+of+疑问句·+动词不定式
          • The question of when to leave never came up.
    • 状语
      • 副词
      • 现在分词短语
      • 过去分词短语
      • 动词不定式短语
      • 介词短语
    • 插入语
      • ……，插入语，…… ; ——插入语——
      • 形容词（true,excellent,etc）副词（indeed，surely，however，etc）介词短语（in fact,by the way,etc) V-ing(generally speaking,considering,judging from,etc) 不定式（to be frank,to make matters worse,etc) 句子（I am sure,as we know,what's more)
  • 非简单句
    • 并列句（省略）
    • 主从复合句
      • 名词性从句
        • 主语从句
        • 宾语从句
        • 表语从句
        • 同位语从句
          • 先行词：idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt等，注意：同位语不一定紧跟在名词后面，eg：The order soon came that all the soldiers should go to the front.
      • 形容词性从句
        • 定语从句
      • 副词性从句
        • 状语从句
• 非正常语序
  • 倒装
    • 部分倒装(be动词，助动词，情态动词提前到主语前）
      • 位于句首
        • 否定副词
          • never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,no sooner,no longer,nowhere,etc.
            • Never shall I forgive him.
          • not until 位于句首，主句倒装
          • 介词短语（起副词作用）
            • On no accounts must this switch be touched.
        • only +状语
          • eg:Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
      • as引导的让步状语从句
        • Young as he is ,he knows a lot.
        • surrounded as we were by the enemy,we managed to fight our way out.
    • 完全倒装
      • 主系表——>表系主
        • 形容词
          • Present at the meeting were Mr Li,Mr Wang and many other teachers.
        • 过去分词
          • eg：Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.
        • 介词短语
          • eg:Among the goods are books,pens and some other things.
          • They arrived at a small village,in front of which was a big river.
      • here,there,now,then，in,out,etc.+不及物动词+主语
        • 主语是代词时主谓不倒装
        • here，there在句首时通常用一般现在时
        • eg:There lies the West Lake.
        • eg:Out came the teacher.
      • 句首为表示地点的介词词组
      • so，neither，nor开头，重复前句部分内容
        • You can't speak French,neither can she.
  • 强调