导图社区 英语话题思维导图
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英语话题思维导图
关于英语话题思维导图，英语口语中话题的设计思路，可用于雅思考试及各种英语面试中，希望对你学习英语有所帮助！
编辑于2023-11-09 11:45:59- 雅思
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英语话题
our generation
During the 1920s, a group of American writers were known as the " Lost Generation ” and some writers who came to prominence in the 1950s were described as the “ Beat Generation .” Nowadays , many people in China , especially those born in the 1980s and 1990s, call themselves the “ Absent - Dream Generation .” Confronted with problems such as the high cost of housing and few job opportunities , young people can feel that modern life presents a lot of pressure . As one of the current young generation , do you agree with the term “ Absent - Dream Generation ” or how would you describe your generation ?
Absent - Dream Generation
pressure
social/high quality for the employee，fierce competition， few job opportunities(❌dream，fancy，✓fulfill stomach)
school，college/prevalent words:involution，→irrational or crazy internal competition ，the "inflation" of effort(confusion，easy to lose yourself，let alone initional heart and dream)
dominanting parents
excessive interfere，make plans totally for their children's daily life and future(disable to decide and choose what they like and fancy by themselves，lose the passion for dream)
a lack of creativity
be short of❌appetite to innovate and make inventions【according to a research, a survey of 21 countries around the world by the international evaluation organization of educational progress showed that Chinese children's computing ability ranked first in the world, while their creativity ranked only fifth from the bottom. 】
❌broaden the horizon，thinking and dimention)
a lack of courage to change
(lazy，troublesome ，burdensome) shift(thinking ,dimension)
follow the convention to grow up in a conservative flame(as a result，life be saturated with trifles❌dream)
psychological problems
social，school stress， contradiction and dilemma: lie down or involution
Fickle Generation
fickle information
message(personal communication APP)
fresh news（community，country,world)(Internet，microblogs)， situation and policy class
massive changeable knowledge
sustainable knowledge( equip…)
rapid update rate(daily study，life-long learning)
fickle emotion
anxious(press)，emo(involution)，depression(many people)
motivated(despire to learn new knowledge)，enjoyable(game)，contented(make achievement)
（conclusion）dynamic，grow with vitality
ambitious generation （free dream generation/dream catcher generation）
(introduction)
overwhelming pressure VS fulfill their dreams
students do unprecedented endeavors
study hard in class ，equip/ from any channel，participate various activities，engage in some competitions，(后浪)
sensitive to the outside world，broaden the horizon and create different dimensions e . g . （To meet the challenge of globalization , around 300 million students are English learners .）（ nearly 1.3 million Chinese students are studying abroad to advance in the international community .）
young workers are taking big steps to pursue their ambitions
Each year , millions of migrant workers would leave their homes for cities , studying new skills , not just for making money , but most importantly to search for a better life .
The new graduates , facing with the fierce employment competition , dare to start a business from scratch to achieve their dreams .
(conclusion) :
Among students and workers , the young generation are working very hard t build a better life , to fulfill their ambitions .
(ps)
to a great extend，we can pursue what we fancy，really want to do，regard them as our dreams，pursue with vitality ，succeed in every aspect.(eg:EDG won the 2021 League of Legends (LoL) World Championship， play the electronic sports，not a indecent game，but a profession)
responsible generation
be responsible for yourself
study
know yourself and be yourself(what do you like，what do you really want to do，what are the goals today，what are the dreams in future) choose by themselves，personal duty
be responsible for the Chinese society
(our president once said)Contemporary Chinese youths are a generation that moves forward with the new era. we are born in a prosperous time, we carry the important responsibility for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation .
we are the (future of country，hope for the nation，both hope and future for the Communist Party of China）
Set great aspirations, show enlightened morality, become great talents as well as shoulder great responsibilities
Always persevere and strive hard.
be responsible for the world
a community with a shared future for mankind.（Seek the new association of human common interests and common values.）
make concerted efforts to resolve these problems（Global non-traditional security issues such as food security, resource shortage, climate change, cyber attacks, population explosion, environmental pollution, epidemic diseases and transnational crimes emerge one after another, which pose severe challenges to the international order and human survival.）
conclusion
对rest的定义
做减法（玩手机是做加法）
跟大自然相处，在大自然中找能量
新鲜的job
chalet girl
caretaker
锻炼身体的必要性以及如何健康生活
office workers suffer from different types of llnesses
exercising more remains as one of the top suggestions from doctors
only with a healthy body can we accomplish goals and dreams in life.
balanced diet
deal with stress(mental health)
亲子关系紧张以及如何缓解
children from a stable and loving family are more likely to contribute more to their country and society.
harmonious families can lead to a lower crime rate in the long term.
constructive conversation. To focus on the actual problem with a calm discussion
mutual understanding is also required from both sides.
recent years have witnessed a growing tendency of…
环境保护和垃圾分类
do harm to human being
poisonous substances
save energy and recycle
政府+人民+媒体
How to ensure the security of electronic pavement
Government action
pass laws to tackle
vote a bill to fight against…(hackers and online identity thieves)
punishment like fines or jail
Education
education is key so that individual computer or phone users learn not to respond to phishing emails or messages.
⑥ 一个模型：PCESE模型 （problem-cause-effect-solution-evaluation）
advice to the “negative” feelings like “nervous” or “stressful”
P:
recently feel stressful
C:
nervous about the English speaking competition
poor preparation
terrible pronunciation
E:
low confidence
nervous about the stage
stressful about the performance
S:
focus on what you need to do
put your heart and soul into it then you forget the nervousness
practice makes perfect
practice makes distinctive pronunciation
practice makes brilliant stage performance
positive self - suggestion
be optimistic about the result
pay high attention to the process
E:
feel much better and more hopeful
will humbly take the advice
a fabulous conversation
appreciate and thank you
neighbor
1.About "neighbors"
real
block community
dormitory: roommates，schoolmates
classroom:classmates， deskmates
partner
restaurants:seats next to me
family:(举例，总是和父母吵架，夫妻吵架。把家庭成员想象成邻居，稍微拉远距离，变得更礼貌更和善)
nature:把自然当成邻居，地球是我们的邻居，爱护自然（举例：电影流浪地球）
大的方面：
common prosperity
sustainable development
community of common destiny for all mankind
virtual world
noble netizen(how to be)
observe law and discipline
think in various perspectives
have rational behavior
be friendly and kind
don't always follow by the crowds， chase the truth, don't believe in rumors，have your own judgement
spread the positive message; refuse the negative ones; and stay away from rumors by distinguishing facts from opininons (电影let bullet fly); do not judge by no reasons...
2. About “how to love your neighbors”:
Chinese culture--“A near neighbour is better than a distant cousin”; ( we need a big warm family)
western culture-- “Love your neighbour, yet pull not down your hedge”; “Good fences make good neighbors.”; “A hegde between keeps friendship green.” (They need more boundaries to safeguard their privacy)
No matter what culture it is, to make others and yourself feel comfortable is the golden rule.
What makes a bad neighbor (not friendly，not considerate，not respect your privacy，forget your exist，doesn't upkeep their property)
the core of Chinese food(culture)
Filled with mouthwatering images, the documentary, A Bite of China,captures people's fascination for food and its preparation. According to the director;knowing how to create dishes was only one aspect of food culture. The documentary has tried to bring something new by presenting more of the cultural background to food, such as eating habits, manners and personal stories that reflect people's lives and attitudes toward food，which has aroused a round of mass reflection on Chinese food culture. What do you think should be at the core of Chinese food culture?
love
love for food
to cook a satisfactory dish， won't hesitate to spend a lot of time. (vigor，vitality, energy) (study，explore，find，try)(alternative ，fabulous，marvelous)ingredients（ways，methods）an art ，a brilliant culture
to find a most delicious cuisine in a remote restaurant，won't care to cover a long distance.(example1: gourmet blogger,food shop blogger from one city to another，from the luxury hotels in the flourishing region to snack streets in old small town ) (example2:Lao Heda West Gate night market，chicken leg cake， wait in a long line)
love for people who cook for
(integrate，irritate) love into food for (family ，child) （example :mommy's meals，grown up，miss，even it's not delicious.because we taste not the natural flavor but the love and attachment in it.）
more careful and conscientious，clean and healthy
love for the society and country
(news:)during the (pandemic period，severe rainstorm and flood disaster) many restaurants and people make meals for free and send food to （victims，medical staffs…)anyway，the people in need and people they want to appreciate . sentences like(hot dry noodles support the pepper soup，the pepper soup cheer up for the shaved noodles) came into the world ，pass love by the form of food culture，send the food culture with love
love for life
only those enjoying life can exhibit a passion for food，which in some people's eyes are just necessity for survival
positive mind and spirit for life
creativity
various ways of cooking
steaming，frying，stewing，braising
many recipes and tastes with the same material(eg: a cooking website can provide over 20 recipes on one material-tofu)
creative name for the food
Dongpo's braised pork
Cross bridge rice noodles
innovation in traditional time-honored brands
(eg:Old Beijing Roast Duck) conventional hanging oven →enviroment - friendly oven[adjust to the protection of environment and policy of sustainable development]，duck sauce：sweet flavor sauce to various styles because nowadas people chasing multiple flavors，such as blueberry sauce.
(conclusion: to make a marvelous cultural Chinese food，inherit the traditional (craft and skills, nicety), innovate with the changeable world，meet the standard of the contemporary policy and environment，satisfy the demand of market and different people
only do these creativities can our Chinese food culture grow vividly and permanently in the future.
Inclusiveness
(hot pot 引出) if you were asked to choose one food for representative of the Chinese food culture，which dish would you like to select? Well，for me，I suppose I'll prefer the "hot pot"，(可戏谑一下)because when it comes to hot pot, one of the most amazing things is how inclusive it would be . In this seemingly ordinary soup，we can put almost any kind of thing， extremely different in harmony，just like our food culture. So that's also my view，the core of Chinese food culture is inclusiveness.
Traditionally，there are eight main streams of Chinese cuisine, which are known as Anhui Cuisine, Canton Cuisine,Fujan Cuisine, Hunan Cuisine, Jiangsu Cuisine, Shandong Cuisine, Sichuan Cuisine and Zhejang Cuisine. Each has its own complete system of cooking philosophy, cooking techniques and corresponding dining habits. What is the most important is that even though the different cusine originated from particular areas , their influence has extended to other parts of the country and they have truly been appreciated by people from different areas .
Besides , recent years have seen booming development of new trends of cooking which is to mix different cooking styles and create new tastes .
(conclusion)change: styles ，tastes not change:inclusiveness and harmony in the food culture.
The spirit of being in harmony with the environment
diets are in harmony with the northern and southern areas respectively
northern chefs: heavier taste，southern chefs: comparably lighter
sweet and fresh in southern Chinese food，In western provinces(Ningxia，Sichuan，) the diets are made hot and spicy(humid cold weather and high altitude)(people believe that to perspire by eating food of such taste is a good way of preventing diseases caused by humidity and coldness.)
the cooking methods are improved to fit the nature environment
(见北京烤鸭的例子)
present the cultural environment
(a bite of China) cultural background to food, such as eating habits, manners and personal stories that reflect people's lives and attitudes toward food，which has aroused a round of mass reflection on Chinese food culture.
Unity
(Introduce)(hot pot)/( Chinese people are used to asking ‘“ Have you eaten ?” as a most common way of greeting others . Food is an important part of daily life for Chinese people . Chinese not only enioy eating but also believe eating good food can bring harmony and closeness to the family and relationships.)
Main Point 1: The composition of daily meals is a unity of different materials and tastes .
Subpoint 1:Chinese daily meals consist of four food groups : grains , vegetables , fruit and meat . A meal would not be regarded as complete and satisfactory if any of the four groups is missing .
Subpoint 2: People tend to include and balance among different textures , flavors and tastes in a meal.
Main Point 2: The dining habits have the function of developing harmony .
Subpoint 1: The round table banquet and sharing promote the unity of family members .
Subpoint 2: Particular foods are to be eaten on specific occasions or with certain symbolic meanings . This is the combination of food and culture .
Main Point 3: The cooking philosophy demonstrates a belief in balance and unity .
Subpoint 1: The looking , taste and nutrition of food are equally important for the purpose of bringing both spiritual and physical enjoyment .
Subpoint 2: Cooking fits the geographic and climate change , which shows the unity between people and the environment .
(conclusion :) To learn about the core of food culture , we could have a better understanding of unity being an important part of Chinese culture .
technology
In todays digital age , instant short messaging such as text messages microblogs and tweets has become a new means of comunication in which information is often exchanged in one or two sentences or even a few words . On the one hand , such fragmented information helps to speed comunication and creates interaction，on the other hand , some people worry that the young generation will gradually lose concentration and become unable to write an essay or read a whole book . What is your opinion about the “ changing face ” of communication ?
CENTRAL IDEA :
A consciousness of the benefits and threats accompanied with the new means of communication in today ’ s digital age may help us figure out a way to avoid the degrading of our ability when we enjoy the development of technology .
INTRODUCTION :
（引出have you ever calculated roughly，for which way you spend a longer time to communicate,through a smartphone or meet the object realistically?）According to a survey , many people just read from mobile phones and computers , and the materials they read are mostly blogs , text messages and short news articles . If with no special request , what they write are just text messages , blogs and emails most of the time .
Main Point 1:Our life has greatly benefited from new ways of communication in today ’ s digital age .
Subpoint 1: highly increases the speed to approach a person far away ，contact a group of people at different locations .
Subpoint 2: Such communication applications as Twiter and WeChat give birth to new forms of interaction which involve extensive participation of various people and vast attention to a hot issue .
Main Point 2: We are also faced with some threats by the change of communication style .
Subpoint 1: Exposure to a large amount of varied information may result in a loss of concentration .
Subpoint 2: Change of reading and writing habits may cause the loss of ability to read and write with length and depth .
Main Point 3: We need to figure out solutions to evade negative effects .
Subpoint 1: The implementation of other ways of interaction may help in - depth thinking and commutation such as reading clubs and interest groups in a certain field .
Subpoint 2: Digital books are easily accessible on the Internet and there are applications to help us keep records and therefore supervise our reading .
Subpoint 3: As for writing , when the demand of writing essays is still unavoidable for students as well as for career people , it would be beneficial to learn about the different styles of writing , such as short messages , blogs and essays .
conclusion : It ’ s not wise to accept something beneficial without considering its possible disadvantages or to totally abandon it for fear of its threats . It ＇ s better to be aware of the two sides of the coin and to work out a way to enlarge the benefits and minimize the threats.
（ps: online shopping）
save money,cheap,
a waste of time(glance，scan，pages，comments，compare price and quality，(买家秀卖家秀return)
(ps:alpay)
no electricity
灾难发生时
B. 情感模型 不采用思维树状图的模型，转而描述经历或者讲述故事 （若要丰富，要附加时间、地点、人物、事件、起因和结果等细节）
自说话题模型：A. 逻辑模型 观点+走向（迅速分叉）
交流话题模型：L&Q&A&C；
⑤ 口语的核：简单且丰富。
④ 听力的核：用抑扬顿挫轻重缓急的细节所支撑起来的结构
③ 单词记忆的核：只记核心意义，在语境中加以转化，比如block
② 英语的核：树状图，螺旋图和形式P24
① 语言的核：信息，画面和情感
1. 几个cores:
l&Q&A&C
brainstorm→choice/analysis→conclude
dimension
success
(such a difficult question to answer. I fancy to analogy our life to the journey of mountain climbing，then success is not that you finally reach the peak，but is the various scenery which you have admired during the process and how you understand them specifically in your own mind and soul.
(eg:English public speaking competition，can't always win the first prize，can't always beat my opponents，but I am still feel full of achievement，because I enjoy the whole course，I cherish the performance all the times on the stage，I appreciate others brilliant talents and performances，the most basically，I know what is 英语演讲比赛 and experience it ，so I achieve success to a certain degree.)
(eg: sports I'm not good at it. it's not my cup of tea. For a long period of time，I hate doing physical exercise，not good at it，not enjoy it but…学医后)
failure
what's failure in your opinion
和success反过来说
failure story
success的例子（pay too much attention to the results）
how to deal with it
what can we benefit from failure
a good memory
innate，nature&nurture
it's not odd that many people do have good memory ，brilliant talent，they memories retain everything they have read
although …,we can improve our poor memory
how to improve
satisfactory life habits ，balance the work and rest，abundant sleeping time and superior sleeping quality
focus what you are doing，concentration，take notes，The palest ink is better than the best memory
practice more，equip yourself with a wide range of knowledge， use your mind more frequently
benefits
think (dimention)
good relationship（remember people's names，friend's birthday....）
success(eg:演讲比赛)
sports
insist
story
try new sports
对话中插话技巧
学会说no!
1:yes
when there is something beyond your capacity
danger extreme sports(paragliding，Bengji jumping)
don't need to take adventure to do something threaten your life to get a place in success.
when you do something you don't really like and be good at
(if I don't like the former major and figure that i 'm also not good at it，It's not my cup of tea. I just choose to give up it and change into the major to which I fancy to devote my energy and spirit )
when you find the method you use to success is not the proper one
give up it and use other approaches. There are many roads lead to Rome，if we can't walk this way to it，we just give up and select others.
2:
improve efficiency
example1:pay high attention to the class, don't need to spend time and money for the after-class curriculum to get good grades
focus
what you are doing， who are you doing this for， how to do it to get success
make your orientation clear-cut，make a detailed plan
simply
always think and make a conclusion.what's the shortest way to get to the goals
think in a cross - disciplinary way
try to make innovation
try to make a combination of several ways to success(e:remote work)
fear
more focused(attention)❌distract
more careful
much safer(eg)
找中心词→听出关键词→缕出树状图，添加缠绕的回环结构，注意形式化的表达（Oh, lots of things. The worst thing... The main thing ... And the other thing...for other things...）→整个对话的大模型Q（what about your memory？How good is it? Like what?what exactly?And she didn’t tell you?Product information? What, the books?What about you, John? You’re an actor, right?What’s that?What about you, Tim?）&A(关于每人信息的树状图）&C（But it’s funny...I’m completely hopeless...oh, me too...）
1) 总体的指导思路——L (leadin-personal story&personal experience)&Q&A&C模型
2) 用Qs把控话题的进展脉络,问题的设计要更加具体，体现走向
3) As要体现树状图(先有观点-I do believe...,再有走向；内容要迅速张开——按名词并列、动词并列或者形容词并列的方式找话题的平行走向），再用语言的形式化结构将内容有机联系（firstly, secondly, thirdly and the most importantly...besides, on one hand, on the other hand...）
4) 提问可以老套（对方好应对）也可以新颖（突出话题性，引人注意），回答如果不用树状图就走内容路线，结合个人经历，讲述自己的故事，可以显得真实，有关注度。
5) 老知识点——关于C，不只有interesting，I agree with you这种互评，还可以自己评价自己所说的，回溯到之前说过的话，用上今天所学的表达，比如“Like I said...”or “Having said that...”......
How do you feel about trying new things? What stop you from trying new things?
I am always up for new things，can get more out of life
搬兴趣爱好
fear
I'm not really a daredevil paragliding，roller coaster(可讲childhood时的经历timid，cowardly，weak)
time and money
music，instrument(piano)
too busy to play them(senior high school and college)
danger
paragliding，roller coaster
What have you achieved in your life that makes you feel proud? Who do you admire for their achievement and why?
提高英语
艾玛
Martin Luther King
Can anger solve problems?
How can fear benefit us?