The American Civil War

This mind map introduces the causes, experiences and results of the American Civil War.

The American Civil War And Reconstruction

• Pro-slavery Arguments
  • A foudamental argument for slavery was based on theory of the intrinsic biological inferiority of Black people.
  • Other arguments were practical
    • slavery was profitable
  • many pseudo scientific ideas and practices (phrenology,lung capacity) were used to justify slavery
• New states and Slavery
  • The First Missouri compromise
    • 1820
    • to avoid an unbalance btw free and slave states,massachusetts gave up the northern part of its territory ,which became the Maine,entering as afree state in 1820,while Missouri entered as a slave state in 1821,12,12.
  • The second Missouri compromise
    • 1850
    • California was admitted as a free state
    • Congress ruled that when territories of New Mexico and Utah became states,the residents would decide whether or not to allow slavery
  • Kansas-Nebraska act
    • passed by Congress in 1854
    • allowed the territory to be organized on the basis of popular sovereignty
    • 1854
      • 54: a group of antislavery A mericans formed the Republican Party
  • Dred scott decision
    • 1857
    • the US Supreme Court ruling of Dred scott
• The election of Abraham lincoln
  • 1860-1865
  • 1852:H.Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle's Tom Cabin was published
  • Lincoln had been a known opponent of slavery and his election was unacceptable for Southerners
  • 1860.12
    • South carolina seceded from the union ,folloed in January 1861 by Alabama.Florida,Georgia,Louisiana and Mississippi.
      • then they formed the Confederates States of America
• The US civil war
  • 1861-1865
  • on April 12,1861,Southern Troops fired o fort Sumter
    • war broke out
  • Jefferson Davis was elected President of the Confederacy and immediatelycalled for 100,000soldiers
  • The north controlled 80% of the country's factories and most of the coal and iron,most of the railroad
  • Desertion became so widespread that by the end of 1863,1/3of the Confederate Army was absent without leave.
  • July 1863 was a turning point:
  • To commemorate the battlefield,Lincoln gave the Gettysburg address:<<...government of the people,by the people,for thepeople>>
  • 1864: The Confederates abandoned Columbia,the Lee abandoned his army in Petersburg and Richmond,Virginia and had to surrender
  • 360,000Union troops and 260,000Confederate troop died
• The emancipation proclamation
  • In 1862,a Confiscation Act was passed ,liberating the slaves of all persons aiding the rebellion
  • 1863
    • Declaring freedom for all slaves in the areas under Confederate control.
      • a large number of Blacks immediately joined the army.
  • It was the ratified in 1865 in the 13th Amendment of the US Constitution completely abolishing slavering in the USA.
• Reconstruction
  • Lincoln and Johnson wanted to end bitterness.Lincoln simply asked the South to pledge future loyalty to the Union and emancipate its slaves
  • Lincoln was assassinated on April 1,1865 by John Wilked Booth,who thought he was helping the south.
  • Reoublicaans in C ongress passedd the 14th Amendment,which guaranteed basic civil rights to all citizens ,regardless of race or ethnicity
  • 1870Congress passed the 15th Amendment,once and for all forbidding suffrage discrimination on the basis of race,color or previous servitude
  • The south kepr opposing legislatures.
    • I n 1866,the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was created and spread across thew South