The study of rules that governs the way in which words are combined to form phrases , clauses ,and sentences, or the study of interrelationships between elements in sentences structures.
Word classes
Nouns -N
Adjectives -A
Verbs -V
Adverbs -Adv
Prepositions -P
Pronouns -Pron
Conjunctions -Conj
Determiners -Det
Infection -I
Complementizer -C
Phrase classes
Noun Phrase -NP
Verb Phrase -VP
Adjective Phrase -AP
Adverb Phrase -AdvP
Prepositional Phrase -PP
Inflectional Phrase -IP
Complementizer Phrase -CP
Clauses classes
Coordinate clauses(并列分句)
Subordinate clauses(从属分句)
Infinite clauses(限定分句)
Non-infinite clauses(非限定分句)
Sentence classes
Grammatical
Ungrammatical
Two Approach
The Descriptive Approach
描述性研究
To describe what people actually say.
(what is in the language)
Structuralist Linguistics
(20C初-20C中）
Functionalist Linguistics
(20C70s -Today)
Formalist Linguistics
( 1957-Today)
The Prescriptive Approach
规定性yanjq
To lay down rules on how to use a language
(what should be in the language)
Traditional Grammar
(Before 19C)
Historical constructive linguistics
(19C)
Constituent Structure Grammar成分结构语法
Structuralist Linguistics
(20C初-20C中）
Saussure
Bloomfield
Exocentric Construction
离心结构
Endocentric Construction
向心结构
Immediate Constituent Analysis
IC Analysis 直接成分分析法
Tree diagram 树状图
Advantage
Structure clearly
Disadvantage
Binary division
二进制
Discontinuous constituent
不连续
Ambiguities
歧义
Brackets 方括号
Transformation-generative Grammar 转换生成语法
Formalist linguistics
(1957-Today )
Chomsky
Five stages
The Classical Theory
(1955-1965)
The Standard Theory
(1965-1970)
The Extended Standard Theory
(1970-1980)
The Government and the Binding Theory(1980-1992)
government and binding; principles and parameters; universal grammar
