导图社区 自然拼读法的基本规则思维导图笔记
《自然拼读法的基本规则》主要包括了48个国际音标、语言、开音节、闭音节、字母组合、非重读音节、辅音、前缀、后缀等9大规则,同时每个规则又有自己各自的元素。
编辑于2021-06-13 23:06:21自然拼读法的基本规则
48个国际音标
长元音
/ɑ:/
/ɔ:/
/ɜ:/
/i:/
/u:/
短元音
/ʌ/
/ɒ/
/ə/
/ɪ/
/ʊ/
/e/
/æ/
双元音
/eɪ/
/aɪ/
/ɔɪ/
/ɪə/
/eə/
/ʊə/
/əʊ/
/aʊ/
轻辅音
/p/
/t/
/k/
/f/
/θ/
/s/
浊辅音
/b/
/d/
/g/
/v/
/ð/
/z/
轻辅音
/ʃ/
/h/
/ts/
/tʃ/
/tr/
浊辅音
/ʒ/
/r/
/dz/
/dʒ/
/dr/
鼻音
/m/
/n/
/ŋ/
半元音
/j/
/w/
边音
/ǀ/
语音
字母
语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a e i(y) o u
音素
音的最小的单位。
英语中有48个音素
20个元音音素
发音响亮是乐音;
口腔中气流不收阻碍;
是构成音节的主要音。
28个辅音音素
发音不响亮是噪音;
口腔中气流受到阻碍;
不是构成音节的主要音。
音节
由元音音素和辅音音素构成的发音单位。含有一个元音音素的声音片段就是一个音节。
hi
mom
first
单音节词
stu'dent
tea'cher
un'der'stand
多音节词
开音节
CVCe
name
bike
home
due
开音节
CV
he
go
hi
开音节
闭音节
CVC
bad
bed
sit
hot
cup
闭音节
VC
it
重读音节
单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
另y的发音
y在词首时通常发辅音[j]
yes
yellow
当y在单词词尾而且这个单词里面没有其他元音字母时此时y通常发元音音素/aɪ/
my
sky
cry
而当y在一个较长一些的单词词尾时这个单词里面没有其他元音时y通常发元音音素/i:/
baby
city
hurry
cherry
开音节
A字母本身音[ei]
age
ate
name
cake
lake
take
make
game
gave
made
late
came
bate
date
face
gate
hate
page
race
same
tame
wake
gave
famous
lady
bake
E字母本身音[i:]
be
these
me
he
she
we
I字母本身音[ai]
I
bike
China
like
fine
five
kite
nice
wide
Friday
ride
white
write
Chinese
ice
line
mine
life
idea
nine
O字母本身音[əʊ]
ago
radio
go
photo
rode
old
told
hold
cold
home
those
kilo
so
homework
phone
also
no
note
robot
nose
hope
joke
close
stone
clothes
broken
U字母本身音[ju:]
cute
bute
mute
fume
men
pupil
argue
use
闭音节
A[æ]
at
bad
band
apple
fat
has
am
and
cat
cap
bag
had
grand
carry
back
ran
badly
angry
sad
flat
map
mat
van
man
swam
catch
hand
fantastic
thank
black
panda
that
happy
activity
drank
dragon
taxi
口型要大
E[e]
when
met
them
smell
tell
ball
clever
every
help
better
west
then
yes
fell
desk
red
yellow
pencil
bed
bedroom
dress
festival
get
telephone
egg
went
leg
twenty
next
let
men
I[i]
lift
big
dinner
fish
listen
it
is
six
this
in
sister
his
him
bit
little
river
picnic
think
city
with
finish
sit
chick
skip
miss
nothing
pink
picture
visit
swim
ticket
O[ɒ]
drop
shop
box
bottle
coffee
lost
cross
long
pop
stop
dog
not
body
box
clock
computer
doll
got
hot
office
point
lots
doctor
U[ʌ]
us
study
funny
but
bus
sun
Sunday
summer
hurry
mum
under
understand
cut
duck
truck
lucky
fun
gun
字母组合
ea ee[i:]
tea
clean
team
eat
east
speak
please
each
easy
read
sea
teacher
need
cheese
wheel
feel
agree
green
week
thirteen
three
deep
peep
weep
sleep
jeep
see
feet
street
teeth
meet
week
ea[e]
bread
heavy
breakfast
weather
head
headache
ready
deaf
oa[əʊ]
road
boat
coat
loaf
ir ur[ɜ:]
girl
bird
thirsty
third
first
birthday
circle
sir
shirt
skirt
dirty
skirt
turn
turtle
purple
ar[ɑ:]
hard
card
park
art
car
are
dark
arm
farmer
market
party
large
star
argue
far
a在sss前[a:]
class
vase
glass
pass
last
past
task
mast
vast
cast
fast
ow[əʊ]
window
yellow
show
slow
sow
tow
bow
mow
ouow[au]
mouth
about
house
housework
south
how
now
town
oo[u]
hood
头巾wool
羊毛look
good
foot
room
football
took
cook
wood
book
goodbye
oo[u:]
food
moon
tool
pool
zoo
too
school
cool
tooth
ear[ɪə]
tear
dear
fear
gear
hear
near
shear
rear
ear air[eə]
bear
tear
wear
pear
oyoi[ɔɪ]
boy
toy
coy腼腆的
foy告别宴会
soy酱油
voice
noise
point
ight[ai]
right
light
night
fight
might
tight
ay[ei]
stay
say
day
hay干草
lay设置
-tion-sion
[ʃn]nation
[ʃn]sation
[ʒn]decision
ough augh/ɒ/
bought(buy过去式)
caught(catch过去式)
ew[u:]
blew(blow过去式)
drew(draw过去式)
new
grew(grow过去式)
非重读音节
元音字母aeiou都发相同的音,这个音在英语中叫schwa(弱读)
salad
happen
pencil
ribbon
即我们经常听到的/ə/
辅音
音形一致
b[b]
p[p]
m[m]
f[f]
d[d]
t[t]
n[n]
l[l]
g[g]
k[k]
h[h]
r[r]
v[v]
w[w]
z[z]
dr[dr]
dress
tr[tr]
tree
ts[ts]
cats
音形不一致
c[k][s]
callcity
g[g][dʒ]
getgeography
j[dʒ]
jacketenjoy
x[ks][gz]
boxexam
y[j]
yellow
s[s][z]
somealways
辅音拼读
sh[ʃ]
shoefinish
ch[tʃ]
chairteacher
th[θ][ð]
thinkbrother
ph[f]
photo
ck[k]
black
kn[n]
knowknife
ng[ŋ]
long
qu[kw]
questionqueen
tch[tʃ]
watchcatch
wh[w][h]
whatwho
wr[r]
writewrong
ds[dz]
beds
辅音词头
bl-
[bl]blue
br-
[br]bread
gl-
[gl]glass
gr-
[gr]great
kl-
[kl]clean
kr-
[kr]cross
fl-
fr-
pl-
pr-
sk-
sl-
sm-
sn-
sp-
st-
str-
sw-
辅音词尾
-ple[-pl]
apple
-ble[-bl]
table
-tle/ttle[-tl]
little
-dle/ddle[-dl]
middle
-cle[-kl]
uncle
-ften[-fn]
often
-son/sson[-sn][-zn]
lesson
season
-ven[-vn]
seven
另有时不发音
b在tm后不发音
doubt
climb
tomb
g在n前不发音
sign
design
resign
h在词首不发音
hour
honor
l在fkm前一般不发音
calf
talk
clam
在could里也没有发音
前缀
dis
disadvantage(缺点)
dishonorable(不光彩的)
disagree(不同意)
dislike
加在名词、形容词动词之前表示否定。
in
incorrect(不正确的)
inability(无能无力)
inaccurate(不准确的)
加在形容词名词之前表示否定
im
impossible(不可能的)
impolite(不礼貌的)
impudence(厚颜无耻)
加在字母mbp之前表示否定
il
illegal(非法的)
illiterate(文盲的无文化的)
illogical(不合逻辑的)
加在以l开头的词前表示否定
un
unhappy
unsafe
unfair
unlucky
加在名词形容词副词之前表示否定或者相反
non
non-existence(不存在)
non-essential(不主要的)
non-electrical(非电的)
加在形容词名词前表示否定
mis
misunderstand(误解)
misjudge(误判)
misleading(误导)
misfortune(不幸)
加在动词、名词之前不好地错误地
mid
midnight
midday
midweek
midland
表示中间
over
overweight
overcook
overeat
表示太.....或过多......
under
underground
underwater
undersea
表示过少或者在......之下
后缀
-er(or)
driver
teacher
director
actor
professor
singer
从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人
-ess
actress
poetess
hostess
paintress
女性
-hood
boyhood
childhood
manhood
时期
-ship
leadership
friendship
membership
才能状态资格品质等
-ful
hopeful
helpful
useful
careful
充满
-less
speechless
childless
harmless
hopeless
meaningless
没有无
-able(ible)
changeable
readable
drinkable
comfortable
expansible
convincible
能……的;可以……的
-some
troublesome
burdensome
wholesome
tiresome
bothersome
像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的