导图社区 道德-GIPS
这是一篇关于道德的思维导图,主要内容包括:GIPS。GIPS是一套用于在全球投资管理服务时计算和列报投资业绩的道德标准,它要求投资管理机构以标准化的方法和格式报告其投资业绩,以确保业绩的公平列报和充分披露。
编辑于2024-07-29 08:56:42道德
GIPS
Introduction
自愿遵守,一旦宣称遵守则为firm-wide、方方面面都遵守
与laws and regulations冲突时,遵守法律法规并披露该冲突
pooled fund包括面向公众广泛销售的Broad distrubution pooled fund(BDPF)和限定范围销售的Limited distribution pooled fund(LDPF),受GIPS影响更大的是LDPF
Fundamentals of Compliance
Firm定义:distinct business entity
organization being a legal entity
have a distinct market or client type
use a separate and distinct investment process
Total firm assets包括discretionary/non-discretionary,fee-paying/non-fee-paying,不包括advisory-only assets, uncalled committed capital
Return Calculations
Time-weighted return
True TWR=(1+r1)(1+r2)-1,排除外部现金流入/流出的影响,daily/重大external CF
频次
非私募投资组合:monthly,月末必须计算
私募投资组合:quarterly
不属于任何composite的pooled fund:annually,申赎时必须计算
Modified Dietz method: r=扣除净流入的资产之差/(V0+按存在时长加权的现金流)
Modified IRR method: 现金流入PV=现金流出PV
Money-weighted return
实质是就是IRR
使用条件
必须:firm can control external CFs
二选一
portfolios are closed-end, fixed life, or fixed commitment
illiquid investments are a significant part of portfolio
频次:annually,业绩期不足1年不可以年化表示
计算要求
现金及现金等价物要包含在计算中:因为经理可以控制持有多少现金资产
扣除transaction costs,不扣除custody fees;若打包bundled fees则全扣或按比例扣
Valuation hierarchy(推荐降序)
objective, observable, unadjusted quoted market price for identical investment in active market
quoted price for similar investment in active market
quoted price for identical or similar investments in not active market
market-based inputs, that are observable for the investment
subjective, unobservable inputs
Composites
composite time-weighted return
beginning assets weighting method:计算每个portfolio的TWR,再用期初资产加权
beginning assets plus weighted cash flows method:权重为期初资产+时间加权的现金流
discretion的定义
discretionary:manager is able to implement intended investment strategy
客户施加的constraint要material重大且pertinent相关:non-discretionary,不进入业绩衡量范围
自有资金(seed money)可放入non-fee-paying portfolio的composite
all actual, fee-paying, discretionary segregated accounts must be included in at least one composite
descretionary segregated accounts that are non-fee paying may be included in composite
pooled funds must be included in any composite for which they meet definition
if strategy is offered as pooled fund and segregated account, they must be in composite for that strategy
portfolio不能在composite之间切换,除非客户主动修改委托目标、策略,历史业绩不追溯调整
若发生significant CF,portfolio可被暂时移出composite,也可以使用临时账户消除CF影响
若composite有最低资产要求,当portfolio达不到要求应被视为non-discretionary
Presentation and Reporting
minimun years of performance
at least 5 years of annual performance
at least 10 years of GIPS-compliant
composite里的portfolio数量≥6时:披露portfolio数量、内部离散度internal dispersion
若monthly数据可获得:披露3年年化标准差 annualized ex post standard deviation
衡量内部离散度
high/low或high/low range:简单,但易被outlier影响
equal-weighted standard deviation:假设正态分布,可减轻outlier影响
asset-weighted standard diviation:假设正态分布,可减轻outlier影响
Portability业绩迁移
定义:被收购公司或子公司业绩link to母公司
条件
substantially all investment decision makers受雇于母公司
decision-making process remains substantially intact and independent within母公司
母公司has records that document and support the reported performance
no break in the track record between子公司和母公司
若1-3条件都满足,但有中断,可作为历史业绩展示,但不可link
若GIPS合规公司收购不合规子公司,有1年时间bring into compliance for future reporting periods
Verification
GIPS recommand undergo verification,但不对业绩准确性做担保
verification must be performed by qualified and independent third party
针对whole firm出报告,公司可选择对composite或pooled fund做detailed performance examination