大学英语语法体系

这是一篇关于语法体系的思维导图，英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。

英语语法

• 墙头草
  • 现在完成时 have/has done
    • 1. by / until / up to + 现在时间点， 截至/直到...... 2. since + 过去时间点/过去背景句, 自从...... 3. for/in/over/during + (the past/last)......years 4. 主语 1 + be + 形容词最高级 + n + that + 主语2 +have/has done 所经历过最......的 5.It/This/That is +序数词+( that )+主 + have/ has done 第几次做某事
  • 过去完成时had done
    • 1.by / until / up to + 过去的时间点 2. by the time+一般过去时的背景句 3. before+一般过去时的背景句 4. 主句（一般过去时)+because+句子（从句用过去完成时） 5.It/This/That was +序数词+( that )+主 + have/ has done 第几次做某事
  • 将来完成时will have done
    • 1.by / until / up to +将来的时间点 2.by the time+一般现在时的背景句
• 十六个时态主被动
  • 一般现在时 主动do/does 被动be done
    • 一般过去时 did was /were done
      • 一般将来时 will do will be done
        • 一般过去将来时 would do would be done
  • 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done
    • 过去进行时 were/was doing were/was being done
      • 将来进行时 will be doing Will be being done
        • 过去将来进行时 would be doing would be being done
  • 现在完成时 has/have done has/have been done
    • 过去完成时 had done had been done
      • 将来完成时 will have done will have benn done
        • 过去将来完成时 would have done would have been done
  • 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing have/has been being done
    • 过去完成进行时 had been done had been being done
      • 将来完成进行时 will have been doing will have been being done
        • 过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing would have been being done
• 虚拟语气
  • if虚拟语气
    • 过去
      • 从句had done 主句would have done
    • 现在
      • 从句 did(were) 主句 would/could /might /should do
    • 将来
      • 从句 did/should do/were to do 主句 would/could/might/should do
    • if省略原则 if从句中有were、had、should时，可把if省略，三词提前。从句没有三词，if不省略。 总结：删除if，首三词
  • 含蓄虚拟语气
    • 不是所有的条件句都用if来连接，也可以有介词短语without but for. otherwise 来表示条件句，这叫做含蓄条件句
    • If there were no +名=without/but for (要不是)+名
    • without/but for +现在的时间状语：would do(主句)
    • without/but for +过去的时间状语：would have done(主句)
    • without/but for +将来的时间状语：would do(主句)
    • 含蓄虚拟的谓变=if其主句的谓变