3. Because of his excellent performance, the boss rose his salary.（rise是自己上升，不及物） 4. Because of his excellent performance, the boss raised his salary.raise是人提升，有个动作发出者
短语动词
短语动词是动词、介词、副词等通过一定的结合而 组成的。
动词+副词（副词后的名词可以颠倒顺序，放在动词和副词之间）
Encourage children to put aside存起来（整体当成动词短语） some of their allowance to buy Christmas presents.
put on，pick out，put aside， put away，give in， give up，run away，go back，throw away， think over， look around，turn off，break out，set up，give up，find out，look through，go on
当分不清是副词还是介词，介词后面一定要加名词，如果可以不加名词就是副词。put on clothes/put clothes on 都可以，所以on是副词
Encourage children to put（整体当成动词短语） some of their allowance aside放在宾语后可以的话就是副词 to buy Christmas presents.
动词+介词（一般是及物动词，因为介词后要加宾语）
The report says one in five men die from alcohol related causes in Russia.
He was looking forward to working with the new manager.
look forward to，catch up with跟上，add up to，break away from远离， keep out of远离， get along with相处，get on with相处
动词+名词+介词
Our goal now is to get rid of the disease in the whole world.
catch hold of， pay attention to，take part in， make use of， get rid of，catch sight of，take the place of，take notice of，take pride in，show interest in
be+形容词+介词
The world may not be ready for me, but ready or not, here I come.世界落后了对于我
Some people are afraid of flying on an airplane.
be fond of， be afraid of， be famous for， be sure about/of， be good at， be good for， be good to， be ready for， be active in， be proud of
动词+名词（不能自己造）
When does the wedding take place?
take place, keep watch看守
大多数短语动词既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及 物动词，有时词义有变化。
• They carried on（on是介词） the discussion late into the night.
• Don’t worry about me. Just carry on.（on是副词）
• I must look up the word in the dictionary.（及物词组）
• Things are beginning to look up now.不及物词组
• They carried on the discussion late into the night.继续
• Don’t worry about me. Just carry on.前进
• I must look up the word in the dictionary.查阅
• Things are beginning to look up now.好转
“过去本应该做而(实际)没有做” 含有责备或遗憾的语气 否定形式: should not have done
You should have called me when you were in trouble.
Aren’t you tired? I ____a___ you had done enough for today. A should have thought对自我责备
B. must have thought 对过去肯定的猜测。不会猜自己。
C. might have thought
D. could have thought
could/might have done
表示过去本来能够(可以)做某事，但实际上没有做到 “本来能够(会)…”
I could have lent you the money. Why didn't you ask me?
need have done
情态助动词加have done表示与事实相反
表示本来需要做某事而没有做
must have done用于肯定句
表示“过去一定做过某事”，是很有把握的推测。 其否定can’t/ couldn’t have done.
• I must have seen you somewhere, but I can’t recollect your name.
