导图社区 虚拟语气
这是一篇关于虚拟语气的思维导图,主要内容包括:虚拟语气的其他句型,从句中的虚拟语气,if条件从句引导的虚拟语气,四种语气。
编辑于2025-01-01 16:03:46虚拟语气
四种语气
陈述语气
表示谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的 ,也就是说把动作或状态当作事实表达出来,或提出一种看法。
疑问语气
用来提出问题或询问情况的语气。
祈使语气
用来向对方提出请求、邀请,给予忠告、指示、警告、命 令等的语气称为祈使语气。在祈使语气中,直接用动词原 形,主语you一般省略。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设” 或“推测”,而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件。它表达 的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、想象或祝愿等。
虚拟条件句:If I should become President, I would make America stronger.如果我成为美国总统,我会让美国更伟大
真实条件句:If I become President, I will make America stronger.
真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能实现的 虚拟条件句所表示的假设不可能或不大可能发生。
if条件从句引导的虚拟语气
主句中would, should, could, might的选择
would/should 表示“会”,
would 用于各人称,
should主要用于第一人称。
could表示“能够”,
might表示“有可能”。
虚拟语气时态根据真实时间向前推进一步
If you tried again, you would succeed. 90%
If you tried again, you could succeed. 50%
If you tried again, you might succeed.10%
did不正规
对现在情况的虚拟
If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town.
were对于现在的虚拟
If I had a map now, we could easily get out of the forest.
If there were no music, the world would be very dull.
对过去情况的虚拟
If it had not been for your help yesterday, I couldn’t have caught the bus.
I should (would) never have done it if I hadn’t been so hard up.
对将来情况的虚拟
should do表示的可能性大
If I should win the lottery, I would buy a house.
were to do的可能性小,99.99%没有可能性
If I were to live my life over again, I would have you as my wife.
错综时间条件句
有些条件句的主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并 不一致。
If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.
If it had rained last night, it might be very cold today.
如果昨天晚上下雨了,今天就会很冷
If only the patient had received a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.
含蓄条件句
有些句子虽不含条件从句,但意思和条件句相差不多,这种 句子称为“含蓄条件句”。
But for要不是 mobile phones, our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient.
By that logic, 2006 should have been a breakthrough year.
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.
我本可以给你帮助,但是我太忙了
情态助动词+have done 本来要做却没做
在虚拟条件句中如果有were, had, should, 可以将if去掉, 然后把were, had, should 提到主语前面。是虚拟语气的省略倒装句。
If it should be fine tomorrow, we would go for an outing.
→should it be fine tomorrow, we would go for an outing.
If time were to go back, I would work double hard.
→ __were time to go back__ , I would work double hard.
Had it not been for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.
虚拟语气的not不跟着had走
从句中的虚拟语气
宾语从句
表示“建议、命令 、要求、 坚决做” 等的动词后的 宾语从 句常用“(should+)动词原形”虚拟结构。
I move提出 that we accept the proposal.
I propose提议 that Mr. Parr be the chairman.
We request Roger (should) sing another song.
She urged that he write and accept the post.由于省略了should
宾语从句主句的谓语是过去式,从句也必须是过去的某一种时态。这个动词决定后面是should。
decide, insist, persist ;demand, desire, require, request, propose, suggest, command, order, recommend
suggest意为“暗示,表明”、insist意为“坚持说,坚持 认为”时,从句中应用陈述语气。不加should
The smile on his face suggested that he agreed to this plan.宾语从句时态和主句这时候要一致
The boy insisted that he hadn’t broken the window.
wish后的宾语从句
过去完成式表示过去的情况
I wish you had come to the wedding.对过去的虚拟
would/could等表示将来
I wish you could come to the party tomorrow.
过去式表示现在的情况
I wish (that)I were you
主语从句
虚拟语气用 “ should+ 动词原形 ” 或将 should 省 略只用动词原形。由连词that引导。
It is/was important (necessary, appropriate, proper, right, essential, vital, etc.) that...
It is vital to your health that you (should) take this medicine.
It is appropriate that this tax be abolished.
that从句是真正的主语
It is/was unnatural (unthinkable, strange,、surprising, dreadful, a surprise, etc.)that...should常译为“竟然”
It seems unthinkable that you (should) make such a mistake.
it is/was suggested (requested, required, ordered, proposed, decided, etc.) that...
It is suggested that parents (should) spend more time with their children alone.
表语从句
决定、 主张、要求、建议 、命令” 等的动词相对应的名词(如suggestion, proposal, advice, demand, order, requirement等)构成的表语从句中常用“(should+)+动词 原形”结构。
My suggestion is that we (should) walk home instead of taking a taxi.
as if, as though引导的表语从句中用虚拟语气
It looks as if he were intoxicated.好像喝多了
The pencil seems as though it were broken when it is partly put in the water.
We have not seen each other for ten solid years, but when we encountered on the street that day, we were still so affectionate that it seemed as if not a single day had gone by.好像一天都没过去一样
as if/as though也可引导事实或很大可能是事实的从句, 常用在look, seem, taste, smell, sound等系动词后。
It looks as if it is going to snow.
It seems as if he has been to America.
同位语从句
决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”等的动词相 对应的名词(如suggestion, proposal, advice, demand, order, requirement等)构成的同位语 从句中常用“(should+)动词原形”结构。
He made a suggestion that they (should) hold an English speech contest.
Doctors give us some advice that we (should) pay more attention to our health.
The board deemed it urgent that these files be printed(deem sth urgent)真正宾语从句放后面用it代替
状语从句
as if/as though 引导状语从句表示与事实相反的情况。
✓ She walks as if she were drunk.她走路像她喝多了一样
They talked as if they had met before.
用于目的状语从句
引导这类目的状语从句的短语和单词为in order that, so that, for fear that, in case, lest等
He raised his hand up so that he could be seen.他举手以便被看到
Bring some money in case you might use it later.
✓They removed the prisoner in order that he not disturb the proceedings any further.
✓Lest anyone should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.
从句中谓语动词形式为“should(may, might, can, could, would等)+动词原形”
虚拟语气的其他句型
陈述句+or(否则)/ or else/ (要不然)otherwise +虚拟主句
✓ He must have had an accident对过去肯定的推测, or he would have been here then.他肯定出事了,要不然他肯定到这里了
✓Mary couldn't have received my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
先真实,后虚拟
We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we_a_. A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned C will telephone D had telephoned
虚拟主句+but陈述句
✓ He would put on weight, but he doesn't eat much.先虚拟,后面是真的情况
✓ He could not have bought that limousine, but he inherited a big fortune from his father.
If only后跟虚拟语气
“但愿”“要是......就好了” 用法和wish相同 具有更强烈的感情色彩。
过去完成式表示过去的情况
had done
过去式表示现在的情况
were/did
would/could+do等表示将来
✓ If only the rain would stop.
✓ If only I were taller.如果高点就好了
✓ If only he had followed your advice.
如果他听你的建议就好了
✓ If he had only followed your advice.
不多见的情况
It’s (high)time(that)
该是做什么事的时候了”, 含有“晚了一点”的意思, 从句中用过去时/should do
would rather 后的宾语从句
用过去式,表示现在或将来的情况; 用过去完成式,表示过去的情况。
✓ I would rather宁愿 you told me the truth.
现在或者将来
✓ I’d rather you hadn’t let out the secret.
过去