语法-副词

这是一篇关于语法-副词的思维导图，主要内容包括：特殊副词，副词的位置，副词的比较级和最高级，副词在句子中的作用，副词的分类10种。

语法-副词

• 副词的分类 10 种
  • 时间副词
    • now， then， just now， right now，right then， right away， tonight，tomorrow，later，ago，recently，always，constantly，ever，frequently，never，regularly，occasionally
    • 例句：We do write to each other now and then, but not regularly.时间副词通常放在句末
    • I have heard from her recently.
  • 地点副词
    • abroad， ahead， away， ashore， back， down，downstairs， eastward，anywhere， everywhere，far， here， in， indoors，there， outdoors，outside
    • 以ward结尾的通常是副词，由where构成的副词的也往往是（地点）副词
      • There are people who want to be everywhere at once and they seem to get nowhere.
    • She is upstairs talking with my parents.
  • 方式副词
    • abruptly， badly， beautifully， casually， clearly，closely， comfortably，efficiently， firmly，fluently， professionally， properly angrily， anxiously， calmly，cheerfully， confidently， accidentally
    • The process was controlled automatically.
    • There are people who want to be everywhere at once and they seem to get nowhere.
  • 程度副词
    • absolutely， almost， amazingly， enormously，enough， entirely， extremely，fairly，fully， greatly， largely， little， much， nearly， pretty
    • Truth is a fruit which should not be picked until it is quite ripe. until前往往是否定用法
    • much
      • 修饰动词，特别用在否定句中
      • No one would talk much in society if he only knew how often he misunderstood others.
      • 修饰形容词，much修饰形容词表示程度大，一般在形容词前
      • In many problems my opinions are much different from those of the formers.
  • 评论副词
    • happily， generally， fortunately，unfortunately， innocently， honestly， roughly， briefly， narrowly， hopefully， naturally， broadly，strictly，roughly， apparently
    • Surprisingly, she doesn’t know me.
      • Honestly, I don’t care.放在句首或者句子末
    • 有少数副词可以和enough连用
      • He has lived in France for years, but strangely enough he can’t speak a word of French.
      • enough作形容词修饰名词时候，位于名词前
      • enough作副词修饰形容词，副词，动词时候，一般位于他们后面
      • What he has written is good enough.（修饰形容词，副词） There is enough food in the fridge. （修饰名词，形容词）
    • 副词very可以修饰形容词，副词，但不能修饰动词
      • I like English very副词修饰much副词 much是副词，修饰的是动词like.
  • 连接副词
    • therefore， besides，otherwise， however， moreover，thus， meanwhile， nevertheless
      • 连接副词不能代替but和so，不能连接两个句子用副词
    • however在句子中的位置以及前后的标点符号用法
      • sentence A . + However , sentence B
        • Many people believe this is right. However, John believes that is wrong.
      • sentence A ; however , sentence B
        • Many people believe this is right; however, John believes that is wrong.
      • sentence A . sentence B , However .
        • Many people believe this is right. John believes that is wrong, however.
    • hence,then,thus,so,yet之后通常不需要逗号
      • It is very late; hence you must go to bed.
    • 有的连接副词前可以用and连接，如果不想用and就把逗号改成分号，或者副词放句末。
      • • The site has a number of disadvantages, and furthermore, the price asked is quite high. • The matter must be resolved by Tuesday, and therefore our preliminary conference must be held no later than Monday.
      • We ran out of all the petrol; furthermore分号后面小写, we lost our way.
  • 强调副词
  • 疑问副词
  • 关系副词
  • 句子副词
• 副词的位置
  • 修饰动词时，一般位于动词的后面。 修饰形容词、副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面。
    • 时间副词
      • 时间副词可以放于句首 ， 也可放于句尾 ， 有时还 可以放于动词前面。
      • I （recently）haven‘t heard from Jane. （recently）
    • 地点副词
      • 地点副词经常置于句末，紧跟动词(+宾语)后。 偶尔也可放在句首(here; there)
      • The little boy rushed. (downstairs)
    • 若二者同时出现，地点副词放在时间副词前面，也可把时间副词放在句首，但不能同时放在句首。
      • 1. Li Ming did an experiment. (in the lab / yesterday afternoon.)
    • 方式副词
      • 方式副词放在动词(+宾语)的后面。 特别强调时，也可放在实义动词的前面，第一个助动词的后面。
      • They were all（quietly） waiting outside. (quietly)
      • 修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后；
        • Airplanes can go much faster than trains.
      • 修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰动词之前或宾语之后， 如宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词与宾语之间。
        • Mary was writing carefully some letters to her friends yesterday evening.
      • 几个方式副词并列时 ， 一般短的在前 ， 长的在后 ， 并用and或but等连词连接。
        • Please write slowly and carefully.
    • 程度副词
      • 修饰形容词/副词时，放在形容词和副词前面， 修饰动词时，放在第一个助动词后，实义动词之前。
      • You are such a likeable person. I greatly enjoy working with you.
    • 频度副词
      • 放在行为动词（实义动词）之前，情态动词、助动词和be动词之后； 常见的有 always, seldom, often, never, rarely等。
      • We should (always) work hard at our lessons.
    • 句子副词
      • 常置于句首，其后常有逗号 有时置于句末，其前常有逗号
        • The project will have been carried out by next month, hopefully.
        • Surprisingly, they agreed to all our demands.
    • 多个副词修饰动词作状语时候，顺序：状态或者程度+方式+地点+频率+时间
• 副词在句子中的作用
  • 作状语
    • Courtesy on one side only lasts not long.
  • 作表语
    • I must be off now.
    • The train is not in yet
  • 作定语
    • The air here is fresh.
      • 副词作定语修饰名词放在所修饰的名词后
  • 作补足语
    • Ask the children in.
• 特殊副词
  • 与介词同形的副词
    • 跟宾语的多位介词，否则是副词
      • He who would search for pearls must dive below. below是副词做宾语，for是介词
      • A tiny green plant knows that it must look up to live. up是副词
      • The light is on. on是副词
    • 介词一般后面必须接东西，介词不能自己独立做成分
    • 介词做副词时候可以作表语，定语，定语，状语，宾语补足语等
    • 区分介词和副词的方法
      • i will turn on the radio
        • on不是由于接了一个宾语是介词，而是副词
      • i will turn the radio on
        • on是副词
      • 这两个句子可以把宾语the radio 放在turn on 中间，所以on是副词
  • 动词+副词（可分开）
    • set up，set sth up 可以把宾语放中间
    • put away ，put sth away
    • turn on ，turn sth on
  • 动词+介词（不可分开）
    • look at
    • cope with
  • 区分介词和副词的方法
  • 可用作名词的副词
    • 有些名词在一些词组中可用作副词，作状语。
      • • rose pink • paper thin
  • 同根副词的意义比较
    • hard—hardly （hard做副词表示努力地，费力地，hardly表示否定：几乎不，几乎没有）high—highly（near表示在附近，nearly表示几乎差不多） deep—deeply late—lately
    • near—nearly most—mostly close—closely wide—widely
  • 形容词，副词同形的词
    • clean, late, wide, tight, slow, sharp, quick, high, flat, fine, dead, fast, hard, low, straight, sound, short, right, pretty, loud just, fair, clear, easy, early, ill, little, much, only, half, long…
• 副词的比较级和最高级
  • 形容词怎么变副词怎么变
  • as+副词原型+as 结构 （肯定句）
    • I can type as fast as my brother.
  • not as/so ...as....否定句
    • It doesn’t rain as/so frequently here as it does in my country.
  • 比较级的单独运用
    • Will you please speak more slowly?
  • 比较级+than句式
    • The car is running less smoothly than it used to.
  • no more...than...与 not more...than...否定，两者都不。程度上的比较，A的程度不比B差。no否定
    • A learner can no more obtain knowledge without reading than a farmer can get good harvest without ploughing.都不能
  • 比较级+and+比较级
    • The fire spread further and further with the wind blowing more and more strongly.
  • the+比较级……the+比较级
    • The less you open your heart to others, the more your heart suffers.你越不。。。越不。。。
  • the+副词的最高级+表示范围的短语或者从句结构（最高级前的定冠词可以省略）
    • Benson talks (the) least and does (the) most in his class.