语法-被动语态

这是一篇关于语法-被动语态的思维导图，主要内容包括：如何变成被动语态，被动语态的用法，被动语态。无论是初学者还是进阶学习者，都能从中受益，提升自己的英语水平。

语法-被动语态

• 被动语态
  • 谓语：be+过去分词（done）
  • 肯定句式：主语+be+过去分词+其他
    • Talents are best nurtured in solitude; but character is best formed in the stormy billows of the world.
  • 否定句式：主语+be+not+过去分词+其他
    • Rome was not built in a day.
  • 一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+其他
    • Is the book written by Shakespeare?
  • 特殊疑问句
    • 特殊疑问词作主语：特殊疑问词（作主语）+be+过去分词+其他
      • What was stolen last night?
    • 特殊疑问词不作主语：特殊疑问词（不做主语）+be+主语+过去分词+其他
      • When was the football team set up?
• 被动语态的用法
  • 不知道或者不必提及动作的执行者（不用人做主语）
    • Gold is tried in the fire.
    • When will the result be announced?
      • 时态都可以加被动
    • The streets are swept every day.
  • 动作的执行者很模糊，当动作的执行者时泛指时候（people，one等）可以省略：常用被动语态
    • It is believed that the task will be completed successfully.
    • The letter has been opened.
    • He is suspected of robbing the bank
  • 习惯用法的需要
    • 1. She was seated by the window.坐在
      • sit主动
      • seat 被动，坐在哪里必须要被动
    • 2. I am determined to do better than Mike.下定决心
    • 3. My hometown is situated in Shandong.坐落于
    • 4. Age has nothing to do with years. Some men are born old, some never grow old. 出生 原型是bear
• 如何变成被动语态
  • 主谓宾
    • 宾语变为主语，原来的主语在被动句中由by引出
    • Julia drew a picture。
      • The picture was drawn by Julia.
    • You see this sort of advertisement everywhere.
      • This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.（by you不加）
    • We are looking into this matter.
      • This matter is being looked into.
  • 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
    • 可以将两个宾语中的任何一个宾语变为被动句的主语
    • • He sent me间接 an e-mail直接 • I was sent an e-mail by him. • An e-mail was sent to me by him.
    • • She gave me a nice gift. • I was given a nice gift by her. • A nice gift was given to me by her.
  • 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（a、n、doing、to do、介词短语）”
    • 宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。
    • We asked Jenny to sing another song → Jenny was asked to sing another song.（by us）
      • 宾语补足语数不定式to do做的。宾语数jenny
    • We made Mr. White leader of the team → Mr. White was made leader of the team.
    • 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语 在变为被动时要加上to
      • You make Peter work hard → Peter is made to work hard.（make的to被省略了，被动语态要加回去）
  • 含有宾语从句的句子
    • 如果宾语从句太长，则后置用形式主语
    • it be+过去分词+原来的宾语从句。 本来是宾语从句，改成被动就变成了主语从句
    • sb/sth + be +过去分词+to do
    • 例句
      • They say Mary is a kind but strict teacher（宾语从句省略that）
        • It is said that Mary is a kind but strict teacher.（主语从句的that不能省略）
        • Mary is said to be a kind but strict teacher.（sb/sth + be + 过去分词+to do）
      • People believe that Jim never tells lies
        • → It is believed that Jim never tells lies. （people省略
        • → Jim is believed never to tell lies.
  • 被动语态总结
    • For thousands of years, the Yangtze River has been used for water supply, shipment and industrial activities.
      • 几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。have done+be done=have been done
    • 长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。
      • The world's largest hydropower station is also situated by the river.一般现在时
      • 坐落用be located at/be situated in