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英语词性
语法-被动语态
被动语态
谓语:be+过去分词(done)
肯定句式:主语+be+过去分词+其他
Talents are best nurtured in solitude; but character is best formed in the stormy billows of the world.
否定句式:主语+be+not+过去分词+其他
Rome was not built in a day.
一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+其他
Is the book written by Shakespeare?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词作主语:特殊疑问词(作主语)+be+过去分词+其他
What was stolen last night?
特殊疑问词不作主语:特殊疑问词(不做主语)+be+主语+过去分词+其他
When was the football team set up?
被动语态的用法
不知道或者不必提及动作的执行者(不用人做主语)
Gold is tried in the fire.
When will the result be announced?
时态都可以加被动
The streets are swept every day.
动作的执行者很模糊,当动作的执行者时泛指时候(people,one等)可以省略:常用被动语态
It is believed that the task will be completed successfully.
The letter has been opened.
He is suspected of robbing the bank
习惯用法的需要
1. She was seated by the window.坐在
sit主动
seat 被动,坐在哪里必须要被动
2. I am determined to do better than Mike.下定决心
3. My hometown is situated in Shandong.坐落于
4. Age has nothing to do with years. Some men are born old, some never grow old. 出生 原型是bear
如何变成被动语态
主谓宾
宾语变为主语,原来的主语在被动句中由by引出
Julia drew a picture。
The picture was drawn by Julia.
You see this sort of advertisement everywhere.
This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.(by you不加)
We are looking into this matter.
This matter is being looked into.
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
可以将两个宾语中的任何一个宾语变为被动句的主语
• He sent me间接 an e-mail直接 • I was sent an e-mail by him. • An e-mail was sent to me by him.
• She gave me a nice gift. • I was given a nice gift by her. • A nice gift was given to me by her.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(a、n、doing、to do、介词短语)”
宾语变为主语,宾语补足语变为主语补足语。
We asked Jenny to sing another song → Jenny was asked to sing another song.(by us)
宾语补足语数不定式to do做的。宾语数jenny
We made Mr. White leader of the team → Mr. White was made leader of the team.
不带to的不定式作宾语补足语 在变为被动时要加上to
You make Peter work hard → Peter is made to work hard.(make的to被省略了,被动语态要加回去)
含有宾语从句的句子
如果宾语从句太长,则后置用形式主语
it be+过去分词+原来的宾语从句。 本来是宾语从句,改成被动就变成了主语从句
sb/sth + be +过去分词+to do
例句
They say Mary is a kind but strict teacher(宾语从句省略that)
It is said that Mary is a kind but strict teacher.(主语从句的that不能省略)
Mary is said to be a kind but strict teacher.(sb/sth + be + 过去分词+to do)
People believe that Jim never tells lies
→ It is believed that Jim never tells lies. (people省略
→ Jim is believed never to tell lies.
被动语态总结
For thousands of years, the Yangtze River has been used for water supply, shipment and industrial activities.
几千年来,长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。have done+be done=have been done
长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。
The world's largest hydropower station is also situated by the river.一般现在时
坐落用be located at/be situated in