导图社区 情态动词的用法总结
This is a mind map about 情态动词的用法总结,Main content: 七、need/dare 的用法,六、will/would 的用法,五、should/ought to 的用法,四、shall 的用法,三、must 的用法,二、may/might 的用法,一、can/could 的用法。
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情态动词的用法总结
一、can/could 的用法
表示能力(Ability)
I can swim. (我会游泳。)
She could speak French when she was 10. (她10岁时就会说法语了。)
表示许可(Permission,口语中较随意)
Can I borrow your pen? (我能借你的笔吗?)
Could I use your phone? (更礼貌:我能用你的电话吗?)
表示可能性(Possibility,多用于否定或疑问句)
This can’t be true! (这不可能是真的!)
Can this plan work? (这计划能行吗?)
表示请求或提议(Requests/Offers)
Can you help me? (你能帮我吗?)
Could you pass me the salt? (更委婉:能递一下盐吗?)
推测过去(+ have done,表示不确定的可能性)
He could have missed the train. (他可能错过了火车。)
二、may/might 的用法
表示许可(Permission,正式场合)
May I leave now? (我可以离开了吗?)
You may go. (你可以走了。)
表示可能性(Possibility,may > might)
It may rain tomorrow. (明天可能会下雨。)
She might be busy now. (她现在可能正忙。)
表示祝愿(Wishes)
May you succeed! (祝你成功!)
让步状语从句(让步意义)
However hard you may try, you can’t change it. (无论你多努力,也无法改变。)
推测过去(+ have done)
He might have forgotten the meeting. (他或许忘了会议。)
三、must 的用法
表示义务(Obligation,主观必须)
You must finish your homework. (你必须完成作业。)
表示肯定推测(Certainty,对现在/过去的推测)
He must be tired. (他一定累了。)
She must have known the truth. (她一定知道真相了。)
表示偏偏/偏要(强调不情愿或无奈)
Why must it rain on our wedding day? (为什么偏偏我们的婚礼要下雨?)
否定形式:
否定推测用 can’t/couldn’t,而非 mustn’t。
He can’t be at home; his car is gone. (他不可能在家,车不在。)
四、shall 的用法
征求意见或提议(Suggestions,第一人称)
Shall we go now? (我们现在走吗?)
I shall call you later. (我稍后打给你。)
表示法律规定或正式义务(Formal Rules)
The tenant shall pay rent by the 1st of each month. (租客须在每月1号前付租金。)
威胁或警告(Threats/Warnings,第二、三人称)
You shall regret this! (你会后悔的!)
五、should/ought to 的用法
表示义务或建议(Obligation/Advice)
You should study harder. (你应该更努力学习。)
He ought to apologize. (他应当道歉。)
表示推测(Expectation,合乎情理)
They should arrive by 8 PM. (他们应该8点前到。)
表示惊讶/竟然(Surprise,+ 完成时)
It’s strange that he should say that. (他竟然说出那种话,真奇怪。)
虚拟语气(建议/假设)
I suggest that he should stay. (我建议他留下来。)
六、will/would 的用法
表示意愿或承诺(Willingness/Promise)
I will help you. (我会帮你。)
He wouldn’t tell me the secret. (他不愿告诉我秘密。)
表示习惯性动作(Habits)
He will always talk loudly. (他总爱大声说话。)
When I was young, I would play here. (我小时候常在这儿玩。)
礼貌请求(Polite Requests)
Would you open the door? (能开下门吗?)
虚拟语气(与过去事实相反)
If I had time, I would go. (如果我有时间,我会去的。)
七、need/dare 的用法
need
情态动词(多用于否定/疑问):
You needn’t worry. (你不必担心。)
Need I explain again? (需要我再解释吗?)
实义动词(+ to do):
I need to finish this today. (我需要今天完成。)
dare
情态动词(否定/疑问):
Dare you jump into the water? (你敢跳进水里吗?)
He daren’t tell the truth. (他不敢说实话。)
She dares to challenge him. (她敢挑战他。)