被动语态万能总结

这是一篇关于初中高中被动语态的方法的思维导图，主要内容包括：定义、基本结构，各个时态被动，特殊情况等。梳理了英语被动语态的相关语法知识，有助于理解和掌握该语法点。

被动语态

• 各时态的被动结构
  • 一般现在时: am/is/are done
  • 一般过去时: was/were done
  • 一般将来时: will be done
  • 过去将来时: would be done
  • 现在进行时: am/is/are being done
  • 过去进行时: was/were being done
  • 现在完成时: have/has been done
  • 过去完成时: had been done
  • 情态动词: 情态动词 be done
• 无被动的情况
  • 1. happen,take place, belong to 等不及物动词
    • The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
    • The accident happened last night.
    • The book belongs to me.
  • 2. There be句型
    • There are many books on the table.
  • 3. 系动词/感官动词
    • My mom is a teacher.
    • The flower smells sweet.
    • The food tastes delicious.
• 定义
  • 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者
  • 被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受着者。
• 基本结构
  • be+done(动词的过去分词)
• 主动变被动的方法
  • 详细内容见下页
• 主动表被动含义
  • 1. 在need,require,want,be worth等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动的意义
    • The TV needs requiring.
    • The book is worth reading.
  • 2. 在某些形容词后面，当不定式表达的情况与它前面的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动的含义
    • She has an important meeting to attend.

主动变被动的方法

• 一般情况
  • 主动: We speak English.→ 被动: English is spoken by us.
• 主动语态中有双宾语
  • 双宾语1
    • give sb. sth.→被动1: sb. be given sth.
      • He gave me a pen.→I was given a pen by him.
    • give sb. sth.→被动2: sth. be given to sb.
      • He gave me a pen.→A pen was given to me by him.
    • 有相同用法的词: teach/show/bring/take/send/offer/pass/hand/tell
  • 双宾语2
    • buy sb. sth.→被动1: sb. be bought sth.
      • He bought me a pen.→I was bought a pen by him.
    • buy sb. sth.→被动2: sth. be bought for sb.
      • He bought me a pen.→A pen was bought for me by him.
• 感使动词
  • make sb. do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.
    • The boss make the workers dig the hole.→The workers were made to dig the hole by the boss.
  • 有相同用法的词: let/have/see/watch/notice/feel/hear/listen to/look at
• help实义动词
  • help sb. (to) do sth.
    • He helped me(to) clean the room.→I was helped to clean the room by him.
• 感使动词真奇怪，主动结构“to”走开，被动结构又请来，十个动词要记牢，不会被它再难倒。