时态

这是一篇关于时态的思维导图，主要内容包括：完成，完成进行。无论是英语初学者夯实基础，还是有一定基础的学习者查漏补缺，这张思维导图都能成为得力助手，助力学习者清晰掌握英语时态的运用，提升语言表达的准确性和流畅性，非常值得收藏学习。

时态

• 完成
  • 现在完成时
    • has/have done
      • 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响
        • i have lost my hat
          • 帽子在过去就丢了，言外之意是导致我现在没有帽子戴
      • 表示一个开始于过去的动作一直延续到现在，并可能继续下去
        • he has lived in guangzhou since 1996
          • 96年开始住在广州，现在还在
        • i have been married for over a year
          • marry是非延续性动词，+Be表示状态，否则是结婚进行了一年多
      • 表示过去发生过一次或多次的动作，现已成为某种经验
        • we have been Thailand four times
          • 我们去过泰国四次
      • it/this is first time that+从句完成时
        • it is first time that somking control has been put into china's national ecnomic and social development
  • 过去完成时
    • had done
      • 表示过去某时刻之前已经完成的动作
        • before he volunteered to direct the traffic ,he had had lots of jobs
          • 在他志愿指挥交通之前，他已经做过很多工作了。
      • 两个都发生在过去的动作，先发生的用过去完成时
        • the girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous .she had not flown before
      • 表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算
        • he had intended to come to the party, but something happended.
      • hardly/scarcely/barely...when或 no sooner... than
        • 刚一...就...
          • the performance had hardly begun when the lights went out.
            • 演出一开始灯就灭了
          • no sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang
            • 他刚入睡电话就响了
  • 将来完成时
    • will have done
      • 表示将来某个时间之前要完成的动作
        • i will have finished writing the article by the end of this semester
          • 这个学期前我会完成我的论文
  • 过去将来完成时
    • would have done
      • 表示从过去看来，将来一段时间要完成的动作
        • he told me that he would have finished his homework by nine
          • 他告诉我他会在九点完成作业
• 完成进行
  • 现在完成进行时
    • has/have been doing
      • 从过去开始到现在，可能停止，也可能正在继续进行
        • i have been waiting for an hour but he till has not turned up
          • 我等了一个小时了他还没来（可能还要继续等下去）
      • 表示一直到说话为止的一段时间内反复的动作
        • i have been looking forward to your letter for a whole year
          • 我一整年都在盼望你的来信
      • 与现在完成时的区别
        • 现在完成时强调完成的结果，完成进行时强调动作的持续
          • my hands are dirty ,i have been cleaning the car
            • 我的手很脏，我刚刚一直在洗车（强调洗车）
          • i have just cleaned the car
            • 我刚把车洗干净了（强调结果）
  • 过去完成进行
    • had been doing
      • 表示过去某一时间之前一直在进行的动作
        • when i arrived in Mogolia , it had been snowing for half a month
          • 那次在我到达内蒙古之前，已经下了半个月的雪
        • we had been doing business with eath other for years before we quarrelled
          • 在吵翻之前，我们在业务上往来多年了
  • 将来完成进行
    • 动作在将来某一段时间持续进行
      • will have been doing
        • he will have been living here for 5 years by the end of this month
          • 到月底他就住满五年了
  • 过去将来完成进行
    • 过去某一时刻开始到过去某一时间
      • would have been doing
        • he siad that he would have been living in this city for 10 years by the end of last year
          • 他说，到去年年底他就在这个城市住了十年了。