morpheme word

在英语学习的漫漫征途中，词汇积累如同构筑知识大厦的基石，而深入理解词素分类则是掌握词汇奥秘的关键钥匙。这份“英语词汇词素分类”思维导图模板，就是为学生群体精心打造的学习利器，是开启英语词汇高效学习之门的宝藏指南！这份思维导图围绕“morpheme/word”展开，全面且细致地对英语词素进行了分类剖析。首先，词素被分为自由词素和束缚词素两大类别。自由词素能够独立运用像“kind”“friend”等，还可作为句子中的简单词、词根构成派生词，或在复合词中发挥作用；束缚词素则不能独立成句，又细分为派生词缀和屈折词缀，前者添加到词根形成新词，如添加前缀改变词义、后缀改变词性，后者用于改变词的语法功能，像改变名词的数、动词的时态等。同时，思维导图还介绍了异形现象，包括拼写变化和发音变化，列举了如“in -”在不同前缀形式下的含义差异，以及“-s”在不同动物名称中的发音区别。在词汇形成方式上，详细阐述了简单词、派生词、复合词和转换词的概念，复合词部分更是列举了复合名词、形容词、动词等多种类型，并配有生动例句帮助理解。此外，还依据语法功能将词汇分为闭类词、开类词和其他词。

morpheme/ word

• 1. morpheme
  • free morpgeme
    • function as simple words in sentecens
      • e.g. kind, friend, book, heart
    • function as root to form derivatives
      • e.g. kindness, friendly, bookish
    • function as morpheme in compunds
      • e.g. kind-hearted, friendly, bookshop
  • bound morpheme
    • morphemes that cannot be used independently in sentences, also known as affixes
      • derivational affixes: added to a root to form a new word
        • prefixes: added before a root, usually chahge the meaning. e.g. en-, un-, in-,dis-, mis-, de-.
        • suffixes: added after a root, usually chahge the part of speach. e.g. -ous, -ment, -tion.
      • inflectional affixes: added to change the grammatical function of a word
        • change the gender, munber, and case of nouns and pronouns. e.g. hers, her's, boxes, etc.
        • change the munber and tense of verbs. e.g. goes, going, looking, looked, etc.
        • change the degree of ajectives and adverbs. e.g. taller, tallest, longer, longest, etc.
  • allomorph
    • the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds
      • alternation in spelling
        • in- inactive, incoherent, inexperienced, insecure im- immature, immortal, imperfect, impractical il- illegal, illogical, illegible, illegitimate ir- irrational, irregular, irrelevant, irresponsible
      • alternation in sounding
        • pronunciation of -s is /s/ in cats, /z/ in gogs, and /iz/ in horses
• 2. words
  • by ways of formation
    • simple words: words that cannot be further devided
    • derivatives: words formed by way of adding affixes to a root
    • compounds: words formed by combining two or more free morphemes
      • compound nouns
      • compound adjectives
      • compound verbs
      • compound adverbs
      • compound pronouns
      • compound coujunctions
      • compound prepositions
    • converts: words formed by changing the part of speech without any change in spelling or sounding
      • 1. I will take a through train. 2. Tom went home early. 3. My father was the then president. 4. Is Joan's new baby a he? 5. The police shadowed the suspected spy. 2. Want makes people unhappy. 3. This is a school for the deaf and the blind. 4. His talk contains too many ifs and buts.
  • by grammatical function
    • closed words
      • function words
        • prep. pron. determiner. conj. auxi.
    • open words
      • content words
        • n. v. adj. adv.
    • other words
      • cardinal numeral, ordinal numeral, interjection