标点符号

这是一篇关于标点符号的思维导图，本图知识全面详细，干货满满，非常实用，现在不收藏，还在等什么呢。

Punctuation Marks

• period
  • End sentences（make a statement or expresses a command0
  • After most abbreviationgs{国际机构的缩写不带句号}
  • Don't use period when abbreviated letters form a word
• Comma
  • Separate equal elements
    • independent clauses
    • items in a series
  • Set off modifiers or added words,phrases,and clauses
  • Not using
    • Before a coordinating conjunction joining two verbs,complements,or subordinate clauses
    • Between a subject and its verb or between a verb and its complement
    • Between adjectives that are not independent or between the final adjective and the noun being modified
• Semicolon
  • Between independent clauses not joined by coordinating conjunctions(and,but,or,nor,so,yet）
  • Between coordinate elements with internal commas
  • Don't to separate a subordinate clause from the main clause
• Quotation mark
  • Enclose the exact words of a speaker
  • Enclose Writer and to set off some title
  • Enclose the titles of essays,articles,short stories,short poems,chapters
  • Set off words referred to as words
  • 句号和逗号在引号内：分号和冒号在引号外.如果引用部分是问题则问号和感叹号在引号里面，否则在引号外面
• Apostrophe
  • Form the possessive form of a noun
  • Stand for the omitted part in contractions
  • Form the plural of letters,numbers,symbols,and words
  • Never use it to form the plural of either a common noun or a proper noun
• Colon
  • As a formal and emphatic mark of introduction[介绍部分可以是正式介绍的引文，陈述或系列]
  • Between two independent clauses when the second explains the first
  • Don't use it before a series when the introductory part is not a complete clause
• Dash
  • Show an abrupt change in the sentence
  • Set off an inserted element that abruptiy breaks the continuity of a sentence
  • Set off an appostive series
  • Before a summarizing statement following a listing of items
• Parenthese
  • Enclose words that are not of primary importance
  • Enclose numbers in a list and to insert bits of information eg. dates,titles....
• Elliptical period
  • Mark an omission
    • ...：Show an omission within a quoted sentence
    • ...：Show the omission of two or more complete senxtence or the omission of words at the end of the sentence.
• Difference between Chinese and English punctuation marks
  • Symbols vary in form
    • Chinese:。 English:.
  • Punctuation positions vary
    • such as elliptical period
  • Chinese elliptical period has six periods,while English has only three periods（你们······;Hello...）