Chemistry Chapter 3思维导图

这是一篇关于CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 的思维导图。该思维导图归纳总结了关于这一部分知识点，比较全面，可提供参考借鉴。

Chemistry Chapter 3

• Atomic structure
  • Element: A element contains only one kind of atom
  • Atom: The smallest particles of matter, that cannot be borken down by chemical means
    • nucleus
      • protons
      • neutrons
    • electrons
• Relative atomic mass (RAM, Ar)
  • A carbon-12 atom has a RAM of 12
• Proton (atom) number
  • The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
• Nucleus number
  • The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called its nucleon number (mass number)
    • Nucleua number = neutron number + proton number
• Decribe an element
  • Mass number (nucleon number)
  • Atomic number (proton number)
  • Atomic symbol
• Ions
  • electrons =/ protons
    • more: positive
    • fewer: negative
• Periodic table
  • How elements arranged
    • Each element has a definate and fixed number of protons
  • Electron configuration
    • Eletrons are not evenly spread but exist in layers--shells
    • The arrangement of electrons in out shells--electron configuration
  • Group a(a is a constant)
    • a electron(s) in the outer shell （a is a constant)
    • Group VIII/0
      • Noble gas has full outer shell-inert stable
  • Period a(a is a constant)
    • a shell(s) it has (a is aconstant)
  • Chemical properties
    • They are determined by number of outer shell electrons
    • Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties
    • Valency electronss = electrons in outer shell
• Isotope
  • Atoms with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons
  • Proporties od isotopes
    • Identical chemical properties: same electronic configuration
    • Different physical properties: different number of neutrons
• Radioactive & nonradioactive
  • Use of radioactive isotopes
    • Medical :treat cancer
    • Industrial: deteeting leak
    • Archaeology: cardon(C-14) dating
• Relative atomic mass
  • Natutal sample of elements are often a mixture of isotopes
  • Relative atomic mass of one element is acturally the average mass of its isotopes