导图社区 高中英语--词法、语法和倒装句简介
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高中英语--词法、语法和倒装句简介
高中英语之词法、语法和倒装句简介，有助于帮助您熟悉知识要点，加强记忆。有需要的同学，可以收藏下哟。
编辑于2022-01-17 13:53:48
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词法、语法和倒装句简介
词法
代词
人称代词
主格lyou he sheit we youlhey
宾格 me you him ber it tus you theem
物主代词
形容词性 ly your this her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers is ours yours tlhein
反身代词
单数 myself yourelf himself herself itself
复数ourselves yoursedlwes themselves
相互代词
cach otlxet，eoe another，cach other's，one anothers.
指示代词
this tht these those，such same
疑问代词
who whom whose which what
连接代词
who whom whikh what that whosc whocvr whomever whatcver whichevcr等
关系代词
who whom whose which that as
it的用法
用作代词
代上文提到的园一物
代上文的指示代遇
代天气、时间、距离、环境等
代不太清罐的一个人
代整个句子
形式主语
It's important for you to lkam English well.
形式宾语
Our boss made it clear that the would go abrcud next month.
强调句型
It isl/was+主/宾/状+that/who+其余成分
冠词
不定冠词：a.an
表泛描，每一，类别，抽象名词具体化
定冠词 the
表特指的人和物
零冠词
表许多特殊含义和特珠用法
形容词副词
形容词
句法功能
I think he is the grearest man alive in the world.
定语
You must kecp your room tidy and clean.
宾语补足语
The boy lay on the lbed，very angry.
状语
位置
He has a red cost.
前置
Iwant to tel you something important.
后置
副词
分类
时间
now，today，already.recently
地点
home，here.beloa，ahead
程度
very，quitc，rmther，onty
频度
often，always，usually.selcsom
方式
simply.easly，hapgily.slleantly
语气
indlced.ccrnainly，obvriously，foruanancly
句法功能
Do sou knonw ths man ugstain？
定语
Can you show ame out？
宾语补足语
They are sworking nery hard.
状语
形容词副词的比较级和最高级
同级比较
He is as g93d a boy as his brosher.
He has as many boolks as his brother.
The tree is the same lheight as the building. lHe can read as many as 100 books in a moeth.
To tell you the sruth,I didn't sing ac (so) well as my brotter.
比较级
This year they lhave produeed less grain than they did lst ser.
Yao Minz is mauch aller than my fathsn.
The more you practise, the beter you will speak English
It's gecting holter ard hoter and our cits is becoming more and more beaniful.
最高级
He is the third taless boy in our clarss.
介词
按形式分类
简单介词in.on，at，to，from
复合介词 into，oamlo，insidc，withou.
短语介词 axcorndling toin front of.bocause of，inscad of
双重介词fmom under，fiom bhind，unil afer，except fear
分词介词considcring，including.rvgarling
按意义分类
时间before，aficr，sbous，past
地点，in.oa.ncar
原因、目的for.bcase of.owing to.wilh
所属、伴随ofwith
除了acip.bll，besldes.excepl for
方法、手段in,by,with,without
关于on, about,of，ovsr
动词
实义动词
及物动词（vt.）
后接宾语
He gave me a prescent yesterday.
不及物动词（vi.）
后不接宾语
The sun is rising now.
系动词
be动词
表“感觉”：lodk，smell，taste，sound.fecl
表“变化”：become，tum.get，go，grow.fall，come.run
表“保持”：kep，remain，stary，stand，corotimue，lie，sit，prove
表“保乎”：appxar.scem
助动词
be do have will和shall
情态动词
can/could
表能力
表许可
可能性
could表语气委婉
may/might
用来询问
表可能性不大的推测，might语气更不肯定
must/have to
must表主观上的必质
have to 素客观上的必源
should/ought to
表应该（建议）
应该（推测）
shall
征询意见
要求、命令、统胁等
will,would
意愿
习惯性动作
used to
过去常常，或在已非
后接动词原形
引申：be used to something/doing习惯于；be used io do 被用来做
dare,need
dare
含义：敢
适用范围：疑问句。否定句。条件句
need
含义：需要，有必要
适用范围：备定句，疑问句
易考知识点
dare和need医是实义动词，又是情布动词
注意dare和need的前后搭配
had better
含义：最好（本质上是一种要院的建议）
后接动词原形
would rather
含义：宁愿，表选择
后接勒词原形
名词
语法功能
主话：The book is on the desk.
表语；The tall man is a singsr.
宾语：I found a cat on the grmss.
宾语补足语；We call him a hero。
定话：I found a stone wal in the village.
同位语 Mr.Liu，our English teacher，is very handsome.
状语：The desk weighs 20 kilometers.
所有格
含义
表所属关系：my mom's dres
表类别：a woman's school
表动作的执行者或承受者：my fatlher's praise
分类
's所有格
有生命的
my father's car
of 所有格
无生命的
the cover of the bonk
双重所有格
表部分概念或某种感情
afriend of nmy sister's
数词
年月日时刻及年代表达法
基本顺序是月、日、年
县体时刻用at
具体某一天用on
大于一天用in
举例
as twenty tn frour
on Seplember (the)fist,2009
in August,2004
in the 1980'5
分数
构成：基戴训事数词
分子大于1时，分母用复数
a.half（二分之一）：aqane（四分之一）：fre and four siuh（五又六分之四）
本身没有单复数，根据它所代替的名词而决定
百分数
构成；基数词+percent（percent意思是百分之，没有复数形式）
本身没有单复数，根据它所代替的名词而决定
数词和名词构成复合形容词
a twO-day holiday:a 100-mcter-tall building
总结：名国作定语周单效
倍数表达法
My room is twice larnger than his room. My rgom is twice as large as his.room. =My room is twice the sive of his room. =The arca of my room is twike that of his room. =The area of my room is twice wlhat his roonm has.
总结：1.信数+adi.或adv.的比较级+than 2.倍数+as+adj.或dv.原级+as 3.倍数+the+名词+of 4.倍数+that+of 5，倍数what-从句
倒装句
英语句型的显著特点
主语+谓语叫正装句 We are studying in the elassroom.
谓语+主语叫倒装句 Did you go to school by bus？
全部倒装
1.地点。时间，位置改变的副词在句首| 2.谓语动词为vi. 3.主语是名词而不是代词 （1）Im came a tescher. （2）Here comes the bus. （3）Now comes your tut （4）Here the comes.
1.表地点的介词短语位于句首 2.谓语为vi. Though the window came a terrible smell
1.分词。介词短语位于句首 2.有系助词 （1）Lying in bed was a sick bay. （2）Among the boys was a teachar.
部分倒装
hardly.nor.seldom.no等否定切位子句首 Seldem does he go to church on sundays，
oaly引导的状语位于句前。要求主侧从不倒 1.Only then did he know it. 2.Only when he had done it did he know it was hard.
1.和上面请观一政的简短句式 2.肯定句用so，否定句用neither或者nor 3.时态、数和前面保持一致 （1）They work hard，so do we. （2）They don't wenk hard.Neitlher\nor da we.
1.as引导的让害状语从句，把表语或者状语提前 2.若表语为单数名词，则省略a或者an （1）Diffcult as it was.l finished iw on time. （2）Diffcult as he studied，he failed in the eaxm again. （3）Child as he is.he kmowsm lot-
在虚拟据气中的条件状据从而中。省略同时倒装 1.Had you sorme ane minile laker you would have missed the baas 2.Should she come hene，ouo oould discuss it. 3.Were you not here, none of us would come.
so.….that 句型中，so+adj：或者 ady，在句首 So carelessly did he driece that he almost killed himself.
程度副词在句首 well did I know abourt him.
not only..….but also 句豆中，not only 在句首。前倒后不侧。 Not only is he a worker but alse he is a singer.
句法
句子成分
主语
句子要说明的人或物
Walls have cars.
表语
说明主语的身份、特征、状态
The dish smels very delicious.
谓语
说明主语的动作或状态
I bought a toy in the shop yeterday.
宾语
表示动作的承受者
I ate n pieoe af bred this morming
定语
修饰名词或代词
The man on the le is my twacher
状语
修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子
We'll go uwhere the people need us.
补语
补充说明主语或宾语
We call him a singer.
同位语
放在名词或代词后面。说明其具体内容
The news that he will come is me
并列成分
某个成分由多者并列
The teacher came and saw me
独立成分
在句子中，和其他成分无语法关系的词，词组、句子
this，I think，is your teacher
简单句的四个类型
陈述句
肯定句
They like skaling
否定句
He didn't go shopping yestenday.
We aren't students
疑问句
—般疑问句
Are yuu intercsucd in tlhe music？
特殊疑问句
How mumy books are thee in the room？
选择疑问句
Does you sister work in s fastory or in a company？
反意疑问句
He is six ycars old.isn't he？
You can't swim.can you？
祈使句
肯定祈使句
Prstise speaking FEnglish every day.
否定祈使句
Don't be afraid of making mistakes.
感叹句
what引导
What a cleser boy my son b！
What hardworking students l am leaching！
What cold water this is！
What a size it is!
how引导
How hot and wea tbe weather is today!
How bravely they fought the cnemy！
How fime a day it is！
Ilaw lime flies！
简单句六大句型
主语+课语The old man is coming.
主语+谓语+宾语 We should study science.
主语+系动词+表语Our city is wery beautiful.
主语，谓语+间接宾语，直接宾语 The pro fessor grve me a book
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 1found th cage smpty.
there be句型 There stands a tree in front of our house.
三大从句
名词性从句
主语从句 How the boy climbed up to a tree isn't clear.
宾语从句 I don't know where I lefi my key.
表语从句 That is whut I want.
同位话从句 I have no idea when he will be back.
定语从句
Do you tknow theman whosat sstandingy the window？ 作主语，表人
Don't farget to bring the book whichithari省路the teacher gave you theolfer dry.作定语，表物
1.The paticnts whose temperature isn't sormal are in the wands. 2.Tme boolk wfhose cover is red isan English book.作定语，表人或物
She is no longer the girl that she was beforeshe was maricd.作表语，表人
He carme at a time wben we needed help.作时间状语
We know the place wthere our teacher lives.作地点状语
Do you know tbe reason why he was so happy？.作原因状语
As we all know the carth is nund as引导非限制性定语从句，作主语或宾语
状语从句
时间状语从句 I'll discuss this with you when we meet next time.
地点状语从句Wherever you ga.l will go with you.
原因状语从每I'm late because I missed the bus.
目的状语从句He studid vary hand so that he might make his parents happs.
结果状语从句 He's such a good teacher that all the students like him.
条件妆语从句 You can goou to pary if you finish your homswork on time.
比较状语从句He's taller than his falher.
让步状语从句Although he is an child，he knows a lot.
方式状语从句pilcase state the fact just as they are.