音标速成

音标速成知识总结，从元音、辅音和语音现象三方面入手，希望能帮助大家更快速地掌握音标知识，快收藏起来吧。

音标速成

• 元音
  • 单元音
    • 前
      • /i:/ read see he feel
      • /ɪ/ sit city forest miss
      • /e/ bed get dead egg
      • /æ/ happy bad carry marry
    • 中
      • /ɜ:/ sir her shirt hurt
      • /ə/ ago assist paper sugar
      • /ʌ/ bus thus such
    • 后
      • /ɑ:/ art arm smart large
      • /ɔ:/ saw law ought talk
      • /ɒ/ top shop what God
      • /u:/ too do shoe who
      • /ʊ/ foot cook book woman
  • 双元音
    • /aɪ/ hi eye sky light
    • /eɪ/ A pay baby lady
    • /aʊ/ how house town down
    • /əʊ/ go so although soap
    • /ɔɪ/ boy Roy joy choice
    • /ɪə/ ear hear dear fear
    • /eə/ air fair care hair
    • /ʊə/ tour poor jury cure
• 辅音
  • 摩擦音
    • /f, v/ feet, fond, few, firm, leaf, left, off, safe vest, view, voice, vote, live, seven, of
    • /θ, ð/ theme, theft, thank, thought, tooth, breath, both this, that, than, thus, breathe, clothe, smooth
    • /s, z/ seat, sit, set, sat, piece, pass, loose, dust zeal, zip, zero, zoo, lose, has, his, rise
    • /ʃ, ʒ/ sheep, ship, shell, shock, fish, fresh, wash, push vision, measure, pleasure, decision, invasion
    • /r/ rare, raw, prince, brave (英式英语中，元音字母后的r字母不发音；美式发音) car, force, more, four
    • /h/ he, heat, hand, had (有时，h字母不发音) hour, honour, exhaust
  • 爆破音
    • /p, b/ spell /spel/ pick pack park pork step harp top hope bit bat big bark web cab rob herb
    • /k, g/ school /skuːl/ key keep cat come seek sick neck wake go get gas God pig dog vague bag
    • /t, d/ student /'stjuːdənt/ tea, tip, tell, touch, hit, wet, ought, suit duke, deep, debt, doom, read, red, sad, card
  • 破擦音
    • /tʃ/ /dʒ/ cheap, chest, chat, chalk, each, march, watch jeep, June, join, joke, large, edge, age, urge
    • /tr, dr, ts, dz/ tree, treat, trick, try dry, drink, dream, drop seats, lets, sets, gets reads, beads, cards, guards
  • 鼻辅音
    • /m/ meet, mix, men, march, team, lamb, harm, warm
    • /n/ need, next, nasty, not, mine, mean, can, soon (n字母不发音) damn, autumn
    • /ŋ/ sing, thing, king, bank, rank, strange, ginger
  • 舌侧音
    • / l / life, let, led, lock, meal, milk, school, help
    • /ɫ/
  • 半元音
    • /w/ week, wit, wait, want, quick, queen, quarrel, west
    • /j/ yes, young, youth, Europe
• +语音现象
  • 1. 重读音节: 音标里有几个元音，就有几个音节
    • communication /kə,mjunɪ'keʃən/
  • 2. “浊化”现象 /p,b/ ; /k,g/ ; /t,d/ 当清辅音/p, k, t/之前出现了辅音/s/时，清音/p, k, t/要变为成组的浊音/b, g, d/
    • speaks /spiːk/ spring /sprɪŋ/ sky /skaɪ/ school /skuːl/ student /ˈstjuːdnt/ strike /straɪk/
  • 连读
    • 辅音+元音 辅音+元音，连在一起。stand up；get up
      • 辅音+辅音 1 两个相同的辅音前后相连，第一个辅音不发音。例如：Yes Sir, bad day 2 爆破音+辅音结构中，爆破音失去爆破，几乎听不到。例如：factory, good luck.