导图社区 初中语法-代词
初中语法之代词思维导图,包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、连接代词、关系代词、特殊用法、疑问代词等内容。
编辑于2022-01-19 14:52:06代词
人称代词
代指人或物的称呼词(你,我,他等)分为主格和宾格两种形式
【分类】
【用法】
主格用用法:
作主语
You must be careful when you want to make friend online.网上交友要小心
宾格用法:
作宾语
My sister isn′t able to ride the bike.So I′m going th help her with it.我妹妹不会骑自行车,因此我打算帮她
作表语
It's me.是我
物主代词
表示任人和物之间的所有关系,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
【分类】
【用法】
形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性,在句中作定语,后面必须接名词
This is my bike.这是我的自行车
名词性物主代词具有名词的特性,在句中作主语,宾语或表语,后面不能跟名词
Whose bike is this ? --It′s mine(mine=my bike). 这是谁的自行车?--是我的(自行车)
反身代词
指代自己,单数以-self结尾,复数以-selves结尾
【分类】
【用法】
特殊使用
make oneself done 使某人自己被...
I raise my voice to make myself heard.我提高嗓音使我自己被听见
与动词搭配
come to oneself 恢复知觉
talk to oneself 自言自语
behave onself 举止得体
enjoy oneself 玩的愉快
come to oneself 苏醒
teach oneself 自学
help oneself 自便
与介词搭配
By oneself 独自,单独
For oneself 亲自,为自己
不定代词
不明确指代某个(些)人,某个(些)事,可作主语,表语,宾语,同位语等
【比较】 many/much
many 许多,大量;修饰或代替可数名词复数
Many of the visitors to our city are from the Far East.
too mach 修饰可数名词复数“太多”
There are too many mistakes in your homework.
much 许多,大量;修饰或代替不可数名词
Sorry,I′m afraidnot to go with you,I′ve got so much work to do.
too much 修饰不可数名词“太多”
I have too much work to do. 我有太多工作要做
much too 表示“实在太”
The milk is much too hot. 牛奶太热了
【比较】 it/one/that
it 指上文出现过的特定的事物,既同一事物
I like this house with a beautiful garden in front,but I don′t have enough money to buy it.
that 可代替可数名词单数或不可数名词,相当于“the+名词”
Air quality today is much worse than that in the 1980s because of too much air polution.
one 代替与前面事物同属一类的事物,并非同一事物
Mr. Rod prefers a restaurant in a small town to one in so large a city as Beijing.
【比较】 each/every
each “每个”强调个体,指两者以上的每个;可与of连用
Each of us hopes to have free weekends.
We each know what should do next.
Each child was given a nice gift.
every “每个”强调整体,指三者及三者以上的每个;不可与of连用
Every child was given a nice gift.
【比较】 either/neither
either 两者中的任何一个;作主语时谓语动词用单数
Here are two dictionaries,You may use eight of them.
neither 两者中任何一个都不;作主语时谓语动词用单/复数
Neither of us are planning to go to the park.
【比较】 some/any
【主谓一致】当主语是第三人称单数(she/he/it)/可数名词/不可数名词时
动词表示过去的动作,即一般过去时,动词直接变为一般过去时
动词表示非一般现在时,动词都要变成第三人称单数
some / any +of+名词 作主语时,谓语动词单数取决于名词单复数
Some of them agree and some of them don't.
Any of your time should be made full use of.
Some of the food has gone bad.
I would like some tra or coffee.
If you have any quesrons,please contact with me.
【复合不定代词】
Everyone/everybody/everything
表示完全否定用noone/nothing/nobody
You shouldn't trust everybody. 你不应该相信所有人
当用在否定句中与not 连用时,表示部分否定
Not everyone obey the law. 不是每个人都守法
常用于肯定句中
【比较】 none/nobody,noone/nothing
who is absent from the class?——Nobody/no one
how much money have you got? ——None
what are you doing now?——Nothing
【比较】 one/ones/the one/the ones/that/those
I don't like the cellpone,the one you jist showed me. 我不喜欢你刚刚给我展示的这个手机
【比较】 all/both
All (of) my friends will come to attend the birthday party.
All of them are frond of fishing.
Both (of) parents are teachers.
【比较】 little/a little/few/a few
【比较】 another/other/others/the other/the others
代词it
代替前面提到的事物,可以代替可数名词或不可数名词
代指婴儿或不知名身份、性别的人
Who is dancing in the classroom.——It mist be Lily. 谁在教室里跳舞?——一定是莉莉
Someone is knocking at the door. Go to see who it is. 有人在敲门,去看看是谁
The babay is crying. It might be hungry. 宝宝在哭,他可能饿了
代替上文提到过的事物
what di you think of the movie by Zhao Wei? 你认为赵薇导演的这部电影怎样?
——Terrific. I like it very much.——太好了,我非常喜欢她。
it 固定句型
It is/has been+时间+since “自...以来有多久”
It′s time to do/for/that “到了...的时间了”
It's one's turn to do... “轮到某人做...了”
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他
It's+时间+before... “过多长时间才...”
It seems that... “看起来好像...”
It's+adj.+for/of+sb.+不定式
It's+adj.+that从句
代指时间、地点、距离、天气、温度等
It′s about 5 minutes′ walk from my school to the park. 从我的学校到公园大约5分钟的步行路程
It's seven o'clock now. 现在是7点
It's rainy. 今天有雨
it 代替动名词的结构
It is no good doing sth.做..没好处
It is no need doing sth.做...没必要
It is no use doing sth.做...没用
It is fun doing sth.做...有趣
用作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句
I think it no use reading without understanding. 我认为读书不理解是没用的
用作形式主语,位于句首,而真正的主语是动词不定式(短语)、动名词或从句
It′s great fun riding the horse. 骑马很有趣
连接代词
连接主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的代词【宾语从句】
关系代词
引导定语从句的关系词【定语从句】
特殊用法
当形容词或else修饰不定代词时,不定代词总是位于修饰词前面
There is nothing new in his speech. 他的讲话中没有什么东西
Did she tell you anything else? 她还告诉你别的什么事情吗?
当句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词时,其附加疑问句的主语通常用代词it代替
Everything begins to grow in spring,doesn't it? 春天万物复苏,不是吗?
当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词时,其附加疑问句的主语通常用代词they代替
Every is here,aren′t they. 大家都来了,不是吗?
疑问代词
【比较】 what/who
what 询问某人职业
What′s you brother?——He is a worker. 你哥哥是做什么的?——他是一名工人
who 询问某人身份
Who is the boy under the tree?——He is Li MIng. 树下那个男孩是谁?——他是李明
【主谓一致】
疑问代词作主语时动词用单数还是复数形式取决于他们代表的数决定,如果不清楚数的多少,动词多用单数形式
who are the two girls behind the door? 门后那两个女孩是谁?
who is the man in a black coat? 那名穿黑大衣的男子是谁?
【比较】 what/which
what 指不定数目中的“哪一个,哪一些,什么”,没有一定范围
what would you like? 你想要什么?
which “哪一个”在一定范围内特指的人或物
which one do you like better? 你更喜欢哪一个?
【比较】 who/whom/whose
whom 作宾语(who的宾格形式)
To whom are you talking? 你在对谁交谈?
who 做主语,表语,宾语
who is the man?这个男人是谁?
whose 作定语(who的所有格形式)
whose bag is this? 这是谁的包?
相互代词
each other “彼此,相互”;常指两个人或两件事物
The surdents can help each other.
one another “彼此,相互”;常指两个以上的人或事物
I think you and I have misunderstood each other/one another.
指示代词
用来代指或标记人或事物的代词
【分类】
单数:this、that
复数:these、those
【用法】
近指远指
this these 指时间或空间上较近的人或事物,也指下文将要提到的事(可用来介绍别人)
This is my book,that is yours.这是我的书,那本是你的
This is my friend Bob.这是我的朋友鲍勃
that those 指时间或空间上较远的人或事物,也指刚刚提到的事
that常用于比较级结构中代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词,若前面提到的是复数,则用those代替
打电话时用this介绍自己,用that询问对方
This is Sally speakibg,Is that Linda ? 我是丽萨,你是琳达吗?