金融MIPO基本财报公式

收入债务利润杠杆相关基本信息整理汇总，一目了然，烂熟于心

Finance vs Accounting

• forward looking vs past
  • Asset in place
  • Asset growth
  • Expected grwoth
  • Capital structure
  • Risk (cost)
  • Timeness & Way
• Earning
  • Princile of Accrual
    • expense match with revenue
  • operating expenses
    • provide profits only for current period
  • financing expenses
    • used to raise capital
  • capital expenses
    • provide profits for long period
  • Categorization
  • Income Statement
    • Revenue
    • - Opeerating Expenses
    • -Depreciation - Amortization
    • = EBIT Operating Income
      • generated by asset in place
    • - Interest (Financial) Expenses
    • = Taxable Income
    • - Tax
    • = Net Income
    • - Loss + Profit wro Operation & Accounting Differences
    • = Net Earning
• Asset
  • Perfer conservtive, book over market value
  • Fixed Asset
    • at historical cost
      • problem when in inflation
      • no relation to earning power of the asset
    • depreciation due to aging
      • straightline or accelerated
  • Current Asset
  • Financial Investment
    • Minority, passive investment
    • Minority, active investment
    • Majority, active investment
  • Intangible Assets
    • Goodwill
      • differnce bw the acquisition price and the book value of the acquired firm
      • not tax deductible
    • Intangible asset acquired of patent and copyright
      • tax deductible
• Leverage
  • Debt/Capital
  • Debt/Equity
  • Cash Fixed Charges Coverage Ratio
  • Interest Coverage Ratio
• Liabilities
  • Principle
    • cannot be avoided
    • lead to future cash outflow
    • transative already happened
  • Current Liability
  • Long-term Debt
  • Other Long-term Debt
  • Preferred Stock
  • Common Equity
• Profitability
  • Return on Assets
  • Return on Capital
  • Return on Equity
  • Net Margin
  • Operating Margin
    • • comparable across firms of different leverage