导图社区 动词不定式to do、not to do
下图讲述了高中英语语法动词不定式to do、not to do,内容有做主语、做宾补、做表语、做宾语四大板块。
编辑于2022-03-25 15:13:38动词不定式to do/not to do
做主语
①动词不定式做主语,通常表示人物将来的目标,愿望,志向等(goal/aim/dream/ambition).
② It作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语(避免头重脚轻)
⒈ It is adj (for sb.) to do sth.---在建议信中应用 其中adj有: useful, helpful, important, necessary beneficial, of great help, of great importance,以及特殊的which is beneficial to do something.[也就是表示人物做某事应该是怎样的用for]
⒉ It is adj of sb. to do sth. 其中adj有: kite ,nice, considerate,thoughtful, generous,typical[表示人物做某事时的性格品质的用of]
⒊It is+名词+to do 其中名词有: My great pleasure, my great honor, our duty ,our responsibility等
⒋ It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. 例如: It takes a great deal of effort to tend a garden.
5. be+adj+to do 例如: The task is easy to accomplish.
③疑问词+动词不定式作主语 例如: When to return the school is not known.
做表语
①动词不定式作表语,通常表示为实现计划( plan/idea),目的( purpose/aim),意图( intention),目标( goal/objective),梦想( dream),志向( ambition)等。
②动词不定式做表语,用来解释说明提出的办法,方案。(way,solution,step)
③动词不定式做表语用来说明主语的职务,职责,任务,工作。( task,duty, job, mission)
④在定语从句里面 例句: After a whole day's work all I want to take a long break.
⑤固定用法 ⒈ be to blame... ...应该为...承担责任 2. it reminds to be seen... ...还有待去看...
⑥疑问句+不定式作表语 例如: The questions is how to accomplish the task within limited fun.
做宾语
① It作形式宾语,动词不定式,作真正的宾语。 1. find+it+adj.+to do... 发现做.. 2. think/ consider+it+adj+to do... 认为做... 3. believe/feel+it+adj+to do... 认为做... 4. make+it+adj+for sb.+to do... 使... 其中第2点和第4点,可将adj.改为名词使用
②被动语态 1. make sb. do sth.--- sb. be made to do sth. 2. see sb. do sth.--- sb. be seen to do sth. 3. hear sb. do sth.--- sb. be heard to do sth.
③动词不定式作动词的宾语---v.+to do 一般式: to do 被动式: to be done 进行式: to be doing 完成式: to have done
④1.It seems that +句子/sb. seem to... 似乎... 2.It happens that +句子/sb. happen to... 碰巧... 3.It is likely that+句子/ sb. be likely to... 很有可能... 4.It is said that +句子/ sb be said to... 诉说... 5. It is considered that+句子/sb. be considered to... 被认为...
⑤动词不定式作动词的宾语---v. +to do 其中v.可以有: want/desire想要, expect /plan/mean/intend(期待,打算), aim(旨在), try(努力), attempt(企图), remember(记得要), forget(忘记要), choose(选择), decide(决定), agree(同意), promise(承诺), refuse(决绝),seem(似乎), manage(成功), fail(未能),pretend(假装), bother(劳烦),hesitate(犹豫), volunteer(志愿), offer(主动提出),be able to(能够), would like to(想要做), set out(开始), be about to(正准备), be likely to(很有可能),determined(决心),willing(情愿),eager/anxious(渴望),supposed(应该), make up one's mind(决心), can't wait to(迫不及待),can't afford to(支付不起), have no choice but to(除了做...别无选择), prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.(宁愿做...而不愿做...)
做宾补
① With的复合结构:with+sb./sth.+to do 例句: With a great number of infected patients to tend the medical staff have no time to take a rest. [由于....要做...。则用to do表示其与宾语之间是动宾关系]
②v.+sb.+to do 其中v.可以有: depend on(依靠), rely on(依靠), count on(指望), call on(号召),arrange for(安排),appeal for(呼吁),demand of(要求), advise(建议),recommend(建议), expect(期待),warn(警告), allow(允许), permit(许可),invite(邀请),ask(要求),require(要求), request(要求),instruct(指导),guide(指导),beg(乞求),forbid(禁止),force(迫使),remind(提醒),cause(使...做...),get(使...做...),urge(敦促),encourage(鼓励),inspire(激发),persuade(说服),order(命令),command(命令)
其中v. +to do的被动变形的重要句子有: expect sb to do sth ( sb be expected to do sth),encourage sb to do sth( sb be encouraged to do sth),allow sb to do sth( sb be allowed to do sth),permit sb to do sth( sb be permitted to do sth),require sb to do sth( sb be required to do sth),request sb to do sth( sb be requested to do sth),forbid sb to do sth(sb be forbidden to do sth)。
改为被动语态的重要例题: 1.原句:The president requests us to wear school uniforms from Monday to Friday. 改句:We are requested to wear school uniforms from Monday to Friday by the president. 2.原句:Teachers should encourage students to express their opinion freely S改句:tudents should be encouraged to express their opinions frreely bythe teachers. 3 .原句:he museum don' t permit tourists to take photos of the art works. 改句:Tourists are not permitted to take photos of the art works
关于句子重要翻译例句: 1.所有的学生都必须穿校服并在7点钟到达艺术宫。 All the students are requested to wear school uniforms andarrive at the art hall at 7 o′ clock. 2.在演讲比赛中,希望你们对参赛选手的比赛作出点评。 During the speech competition, you are expected to makecomments on the performance of the competitors.