主谓一致

这是一篇关于主谓一致的思维导图，包括;以集合名词(Collective Noun)作主语、以并列结构作主语、以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语、其他方面的主谓一致。

主谓一致

• 以集合名词（Collective Noun）作主语
  • 1）通常作复数的集合名词，动词用复数 e.g.cattle/militia/poultry/vermin
    • Domestic cattle provide us with milk.
  • 2）通常作不可数的集合名词，动词用单数 e.g.foliage/machinery/equipment/furniture
    • All the merchandise in the store is made in China.
  • 3）既可作单数又可作复数的集合名词 e.g.audience/class/crew/government
    • 将集体视为一个整体，动词用单数
      • The group of soldiers is a top-notch fighting unit.
    • 侧重于组成集体的成员，动词用复数
      • The group of soldiers have the best ratings of individual performance.
  • 4）a committee(panel/board) of ＋复数名词，动词用单数
    • A committee of five men and two women is to consider the matter.
• 以并列结构作主语
  • 1）由and/both…and 连接的并列主语
    • a）若意义为复数，动词用复数
      • The fishing and the hunting in China were good that year.
    • b）若作主语的并列结构不是指两个及以上的人或物，表示单数意义，动词用单数
      • Brown bread and butter is eaten with smoked salmon.
    • 有些带and的省略结构形似单数，但意义为复数，动词用复数
      • What I say and think are no business of yours.
    • c）当and连接的并列名词词组带有each，every，many a 等限定词时，动词用单数
      • Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy.
    • d）当单复数意义不明确时，根据上下文判断
  • 2）由or/nor/either…or等连接的并列主语，动词形式按照“就近原则”处理
    • My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home.
  • 3）主语＋as much as/rather than/more than等引导的从属结构时，动词形式根据主语单复数而定
    • Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.
    • My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go there again.
  • 4）主语+as well as/in addition to/with/except/together with等，动词形式取决于主语
    • The manager with some workers was working there.
• 以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语
  • 1）表示确定数量的名词词组
    • a）若数量概念是整体，动词用单数；反之，用复数
      • Five hours is needed to complete the outline.
    • b）分数/百分数+of+词组，动词形式由词组中的名词而定
      • Over sixty per cent of the city was destroyed in the war.
    • c）两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词都可
      • Forty minus fifteen leaves twenty-five.
      • Five times eight is/are forty.
    • d）one in/out of+pl. 动词用单数（非正式语体中也可用复数）
      • One in ten students has failed the exam.
  • 2）表示非确定数量的名词词组
    • a）主语是“all of…，none of…，lots of，heaps of，plenty of＋名词”构成，动词形式由名词类别而定
      • Most of the money was recovered by police.
      • Most of the members were there.
    • b）主语是由“a portion/series/pile/panel of+名词构成”，动词用单数
      • A series of accidents has been reported.
    • c）主语是由“限定词+kind/type/sort of+名词”构成
      • ①名词为单数或不可数名词时，动词用单数
        • This kind of man annoys me.
      • ②在这种结构中，通常不用pl.
        • this kind of roses（×）
        • Roses of this kind（√）
      • ③无论出现在these/many/several kinds of 后的是什么名词，动词都用复数
        • Those kinds of insects are harmful.
    • d）主语是由“many a /more than one＋名词”构成，动词用单数（语法一致）
      • Many a man has done his duty.
    • f）主语是由“an average/a majority of ＋pl.”构成，若明确表示多数个体概念，动词用复数；反之，用单数
      • An average of 25 persons apply each month.
• 其他方面的主谓一致
  • 1)以名词性分句作主语
    • a）由wh-引导的名词性分句作主语，动词用单数
      • What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
    • b）两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主语，若主语表示两件事，动词用复数
      • What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.
    • c）在以what-分句作主语的SVC结构中，如果主句补语是复数名词，主句谓语动词用复数
      • What was real to him were the details of his life.
    • d）若what-分句本身明显表示复数意义，比如其动词和补语都是复数，那么主句动词也用复数。
      • What are often regarded as poisonous fungi are in fact edible.
  • 2）以非限定分句作主语
    • a）非限定分句作主语，动词常用单数
      • To eat well is all he asks.
    • b）由and连接的两个并列非限定分句作主语，如果指的是两件事，动词用复数；如果指的是一件事，动词用单数
      • Reading books and solving this problem are entirely different assignments.
  • 3)关系分句中
    • a）关系分句中谓语动词的单复数形式常根据关系代词的先行项的形式而定
    • b）one of +pl.+关系分句
      • ①关系分句动词通常依照语法一致用复数
      • ②在英国英语中为了强调one，也可用单数
      • ③若这类结构之前有定冠词the或者有the only等限定词和强调词是，关系分句动词用单数
  • 4）分裂句中
    • a）that/who-分句的动词形式依先行项而定
    • b）It is I +who-分句
  • 5）存在句中
• 商2班06陈若熙