语言学第12章

这是一篇关于语言学第12章的思维导图，介绍了有关theories and schools of modern liguistics的知识点。

theories and schools of modern liguistics

• Saussure(father of modern linguistics)
  • Saussure's Theories
    • sources
      • W.D. Whitey's Linguistics ---arbitrariness of the sign
      • E. Durkheim's Sociology---language is one of the social facts--ideas in the collective mind of a society
      • S. Freud's Psychology---the continuity of a collective psyche--the unconscious
      • Western Economic Theories
    • content
      • language is a system of signs---sound (signifier)+ideas(signified)=sign(a system of convention)
      • • langue and parole（chapter 1)
        • syntagmatic and paradigmatic (chapter 4)
        • synchronic-diachronic
  • Contributions
    • make linguistics as a science independently
    • influenced modern liguistics in the specific concepts
      • ideas of the arbitrary nature of the sign,langue-parole,synchrony-diachrony,syntagmatic-paradigmatic relations
• dichotomy
• e.g. cat