语言学思维导图1

这是一篇关于语言学的思维导图，介绍了语言学的句法关系、语法基础及成分等内容，结构性知识框架方便学习理解！

From word to text

• Syntactic Relations
  • positional relations(word order)
    • definition---sequential arrangement, words
    • violation
      • ungrammatical
      • nonsense
      • grammatical but different in meaning
    • • 1 aspect of Syntagmatic Relations---Saussure
      • Horizontal Relations
      • simply Chain Relations
  • relations of substitutability
    • definition---groups of more than 1 word, grammatically, a single word/a particular set
    • • Associative Relations---Saussure
      • Paradigmatic Relations
      • Vertical Relations
      • Choice Relations
  • relations of co-occurrence
    • definition---the words of different sets of classes, permit/acquire, the occurrence of another~
    • • Collocational relation
      • partially syntagmatic, partially paradigmatic
• Grammatical Construction and Its Constituents
  • grammatical construction
    • definition---syntactic construction, conventional functions, linguistically conventionalized, the meaning or use
    • external syntax: the property of construction as a whole (clausal type, phrasal type)
    • internal syntax: description of the construction' s make-up (subject, predicate, object, determiner, noun)
• syntax
  • rules(constituents--combine-- sentences)/ interrelationships
• 1 way---classify language
  • English--SVO(×only）
• the process, form a larger unit; the syntactic result; any significant grouping of words