导图社区 名词性从句(1)
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编辑于2022-08-10 19:30:01 江苏省Noun Clause
主语从句
①前置:在一整个句子中作主语,一般置于谓语之前
S+V
②后置:也可以用 it 作形式主语,主语从句放在主句之后(句末)
成分太长了,容易出现头重脚轻,为了句式美观,所以要用 it 替代
(1)It + be + 表语 (名词、形容词、过去分词)+主语从句
eg: It is still uncertain (whether he is coming or not.)
(2)It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句: It seemed ( happened , doesn't matter , has turned out ) that…
eg: It doesn't matter (whether she will come or not.)
(3) It + 及物动词 (被动语态)+ 主语从句
eg: It has been decided (that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.)
eg: It is expected (that the house price in Beijing will fall down.)
连接词:引导主语从句
(1)从属连词 (主语从句不缺成分)
that
无意思 ,不能省略
whether
表“是否”
whether 表“是否”,引导的主语从句既能放句首,也能用 it 作形式主语放句末 if 表“是否”,引导的主语从句只能用 it 作形式主语放句末 两者在一起时,选whether
eg:首 ( Whether it will please them ) is not easy to say. = It (形式主语)is not easy to say( whether/if it will please them.)末
(2)连接代词 (主语从句缺主语、宾语或表语 / 缺意思)
who
"谁"
whom
"谁" (宾)
what
“什么”,“所……的" (没有范围)
which
作定语 ,表 "哪一个"(有范围)
whatever
”无论什么“
whichever
”无论哪一个“
whoever
”无论是谁“
whomever
”无论是谁“ (宾)
(3)连接副词 (主语从句只缺状语 / 缺意思)
when
”什么时候“
where
”哪里“
why
”为什么“
how
”怎样“
宾语从句
(1) that 引导的宾语从句
①主语+系动词+形容词+that宾语从句(that可省)
主观感受,可以看成动词
eg: I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake.
②主语 + 及物动词(男朋友)+ that宾语从句(化妆) ,that(化妆)可省
eg: James said (that)he was feeling better.
③主语+及物动词(男朋友)+ 间接宾语 (绿茶)+ that宾语从句(化妆),that引导的宾语从句作直接宾语,that(化妆)不可省
eg: She told me that she would accept my invitation.
④主语+及物动词+to sb. + that从句 (that不可省)
eg: He explained to us that he had failed to catch the first bus.
⑤it 作形式宾语+that引导的宾语从句 (that不可省)
eg: We felt it(形式宾语) strange that she should leave without saying goodbye.(真正的宾语)
⑥主语+及物动词+that+从句主语+(should)+do, 这类及物动词多表示 要求、命令、建议、决定等意义 (that不可省)
eg: I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
eg: The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
⑦主语+及物动词+并列that 宾语从句 (第一个从句前的that可省,第二个that不可省)
eg: I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say goodbye to us.
(2)宾语从句的语序是陈述语序
①主语+及物动词+连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分
eg: I don't know what they are looking for.
eg: None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
②主语+及物动词+whether/if+主语+谓语+其他成分
在discuss, wonder, not sure 和介词之后,尽量用whether
eg: Please let us know whether (if) they will come to our party.
(3)宾语从句中的否定前移和反义疑问句
把宾语从句的谓语否定词转移到主句谓语上 而从句谓语用肯定形式
否定前移的适用条件
①主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine 等"想法类动词"
②主句的主语是第一人称 I 、we
eg: I don't think this dress fits you well.
主句的主语是第二 、第三人称,不用否定迁移
eg: She thinks this dress doesn't fit you well.
反义疑问句:前肯后否,前否后肯
①第一人称有想法,反义疑问就从句
eg: I don't think (that) he is interested in that thing. → I think (that) he is not (否)interested in that thing. (否定前移还原到从句中) →I don't think (that) he is interested in that thing , is(肯)she ?
②第二 、三人称有想法,反义疑问就主句
eg: She thought (肯)that film was not interesting , didn't(否)she ?
反义疑问句的回答
做了Yes,没做No
补充:宾语从句的时态
主现从不限(实际情况),主过从必过,客观事实永不变(一般现在时)
能够准确找出主语从句即可
起到名词的作用,相当于名词词组