导图社区 四级英语核心词汇(2)
四级英语核心词汇第二部分,包含重点短语,句式,词根词缀等。 如果你正在备考四级或者正在学习四级英语,那么快收藏下面这个英语四级核心词汇的思维导图吧,包含了许多高频词汇,快收藏学习哦。
编辑于2022-08-15 18:55:14 山东省四级英语核心词汇(2)
(S)PECT(看to look)
aspect n.方面
词根词缀: a- 来 , 临近 + -spect- 看
in this respect(方面)/angle(角度)
respective adj.各自的
expect v.期盼
词根词缀: ex- 出 , 向外( x 发音为 ks ) + -spect- 看( s 因和 x 发音重复而省略)
expect sb. to do sth.
Don't expect me to come and visit you there. 别指望我会去那儿看你。
expect sb. of sth.
That's what the people who sent us here expect of us. 这是那些把我们送到这里的人们所期望的。
expect help/support from sb.
I never know what to expect from one day to the next. 一天又一天我不知道该期待什么。
disrespect adj. 不尊重的
This isn't a sign of disrespect in any way. 这不是不尊重别人的表现.
inspect v.视察
词根词缀: in- 入 , 向内 + -spect- 看
to inspect his army视察他的军队
They have the right to come in and inspect the meter. 他们有权进来查表。
suspect n.嫌疑犯v.怀疑adj.可疑的=doubt
词根词缀: sus- 由下向上 + -spect- ( s 略)看
She did not suspect that his interest was just a passing fancy. 她相信这不过是他一时兴起。
SERT(加入)
assert v.维护,坚持,主张,断言
词根词缀: as- 来 , 临 + -sert- 加入
claim v.宣称
Coleman has never wavered in his claim that he is innocent. 科尔曼坚称他是无辜的。
assert/claim that make the assertion/claim that
He made an assertion that he was not responsible for it. 他硬说,他对此事没有责任.
declare v.大声宣布(不表观点)
词根词缀: de- 加强意义 + -clar- 清楚 , 明白 + -e 动词词尾→ 说清楚 , 讲明白
insert v.插入
词根词缀: in- 向内 + -sert- 加入
Insert coins into the slot and press for a ticket. 把硬币放进投币口,按钮取票。
desert n.沙漠v.放弃,抛弃
词根词缀: de- 反向 + -sert- 加入,desert词源同 series, insert. 即断开连接,逃离,遗弃,引申词义被遗弃的地方,沙漠
desert one's homeland desert the army逃兵役
Young workers are more willing to desert jobs they don't like. 年轻职工对不喜欢的工作更易擅自离职。
CESS(行走go)
access n.通道,权利v.进入,使用
词根词缀: ac- 来 , 临近 + -cess- 行走
have access to/have no access to有/没有权力...
Students must have access to good resources. 学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
process v.加工n.过程
词根词缀: pro- 前 + -cess- 行走→过程,进程;工序,工艺,制作法
process bar 进度条
the process/course of...的过程
success n.成功,胜利
词根词缀: suc- 下 , 低 + -cess- 行走 → 走到底
succeed v.成功,继承
succeed to sb.继承...
He will succeed to the throne. 他将继承王位。
successive adj.连续性的=in succession
This was their fourth successive win. 这是他们连续第四次获胜。
He hit three bull's eyes in succession. 他连续3次射中靶心。
assess v.评价,评估
词根词缀: as- 临近 + -sess- 坐
to assess the quality 评估品质
assessment=evaulation n.评估
“财富”
asset n.财产,(精神)财富,有利条件;有价值的人或物
词根词缀: as- 来 , 临近 + set ( -sat- )足 , 饱 , 满
From day one he's been a great asset to the company. 从入职第一天开始,他就是公司难得的人才。
national asset 国宝
fortune n.运气,机会,财富(意外的/个人、家庭、国家的)
福尔图娜 Fortuna 是罗马神话中的幸运女神,相当于希腊神话中的提喀( Tyche ),英语单词 fortune 就源自幸运女神的名字 Fortuna
Jane is determined to hold on to her fortune. 简决心要守住自己的财产。
wheel of fortune 幸运女神的车轮(比喻命运或人生的变迁)
possession=ownership n.财富(强调所有权)
词根词缀: pos ( -poss- )能 , 能够 + -sess- 坐 + -ion 名词词尾
Possession of cannabis will no longer be an arrestable offence. 持有大麻将不再会被拘捕。
property 动产
estate不动产
belongings随身财产
wealth n.财富,大量,富有
来自 wel, 希望,愿望,词源同 will,volunteer. 引申义按自己意愿,随心所欲,财富等
There really is a wealth of unrecognised talent out there. 那里确实有很多怀才不遇的人。
SIGN
assign v. 分配;指派:,将财产过户
词根词缀: as- 来 , 临近 + -sign- 标记
assign sb. to do sth.
assignment n.n. 分配;任务;作业;功课=homework
design v. 设计;计划;构思
词根词缀: de- 加强意义 + -sign- 标记
They drew up the design for the house in a week. 他们在一周内就画出了房子的图样。
designer n. 设计师;谋划者adj. 由设计师专门设计的;享有盛名的
People want to buy designer labels for snob value. 人们想买名牌是为了满足虚荣心。
resign v.辞职,放弃,屈从
词根词缀: re- 回 , 向后 + -sign- 标记
resign to on's fate 任命
I did not have any intimation that he was going to resign. 我一点儿都不知道他要辞职。
consign v. 交付;托运;寄存;把…委托给(寄售)
词根词缀:con-, 强调。 -sign, 记号,标记
We cannot agree to consign the goods. 我们不同意寄售此货.
signal n.信号,暗号,标记,表明
词根词缀: -sign- 标记 + -al 名词词尾
As soon as it was dark, Mrs Evans gave the signal. 天一黑,埃文斯夫人就发出了信号。
signature n.签字,署名
词根词缀: -sign- 标记 + -ate 动词词尾( e 略) + -ure 名词词尾
SIST(站stand)
asist n. 帮助;助攻v. 参加;出席
词根词缀: as- 临近 + -sist- 站立 → 站在旁边自然就有"协助"之意
assist sb. doing/with sb.帮助
We are here to protect and assist the weak and infirm. 我们来这里保护、帮助年迈体弱者。
Four tools to assist with estimating stories. 四个协助估算故事的工具。
assistant n. 助手,助理,助教adj. 辅助的
Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police. 她的助手被警方指控犯有盗窃和欺诈罪。
consist v. 由…组成;在于;符合
词根词缀: con- 共同 + -sist- 站立 → 站在一起 , 并存
consist of sth.由...组成
consist in取决于
insist v. 坚持,强调
词根词缀: in- 向内 + -sist- 站立 → 站在…立场上
insist on/upon/that 坚持
Our buyers insist on high standards of workmanship and materials. 我们的买主对工艺和材料坚持要高标准。
maintain that坚称……,坚持认为……
maintain v. 维持;继续;维修;主张
词根词缀: main ( -man- )手 + -tain- 握 , 持有
Do you still maintain that? 你仍然坚持这个观点吗?
persist v.坚持,持续,维持
词根词缀: per- 贯穿 + -sist- 站 → 自始至终站着
persist in doing sth.坚持
You should persist in your dream no matter what difficulties you meet. 无论你遇到了什么困难,你都应该坚持自己的梦想。
resist v.抵抗,抗拒,忍耐n.抗蚀剂;防染剂
resistant adj. 抵抗的,反抗的;顽固的n. 抵抗者
The body may be less resistant if it is cold. 天冷时,身体的抵抗力会下降。
resistance n. 阻力;电阻;抵抗;反抗;抵抗力
Generally speaking there was no resistance to the idea. 一般说来,没有人会反对这个观点。
resistable adj. 可抵抗的
SUME(拿to take)
assume v. 承担;假定(无法证明的);采取;呈现
词根词缀: as- 来 , 临近 + -sum- 拿 , 买 + -e
People assume they know me through and through the moment we meet. 人们一见到我,就自以为对我了如指掌了。
You cannot assume that a speaker of English is ipso facto qualified to teach English. 你不能假定会说英语的人就有资格教英语。
persume v. 假定;推测(能证明的);擅自
词根词缀: pre- 前 , 先 + -sum- 拿 , 买 + -e
I won't presume to disturb you. 我不敢冒昧地打扰你。
I presume that he is right. 我推断他是正确的。
consume v. 消耗,消费;挥霍
词根词缀: con- 共同 + -sum- 拿 , 买 + -e
consumption n. 消费;消耗;肺痨
Most of the wine was unfit for human consumption. 这些酒中大部分都不适于人类饮用。
time-consuming 消耗时间的(brain/money/emotion/energy)
Many people are unaware of just how much food and drink they consume. 许多人并不知道他们究竟消耗掉了多少食品和饮料。
resume n. 摘要;简历vt. 重新开始,继续;恢复
re-, 再,重新, -sum, 承担,拿起,词源同 assume,consume. 引申词义重新开始,继续,总结, 小结等,后用于指简历,履历。
I have sent my resume to the company. 我已把我的简历寄给了那家公司。
resume=continue=go on继续
I was given the all clear by the doctor to resume playing. 医生准许我重新开始训练。
continue to do/doing sth.
They'll continue to fight injustice. 他们将继续与不公正的现象抗争。
SURE确信
sure adj. 确信的;可靠的;必定的adv. 当然;的确
词根词缀: -sur- 确信 + -e
be sure about 确信
I'm not sure about it . 我对这不确定。
make sure about 弄清;弄确实
assure v. 保证;担保;使确信
词根词缀: as- 来 , 临近 + -sur- 确信 + -e
assure sb. sth. 向...担保
This may sound trivial, but I assure you it is quite important! 这听上去也许微不足道,但是,相信我,它十分重要!
assure that... 担保...
Can you assure me that my father is not suffering? 你能保证我父亲不会受罪吗?
reassure v. 使…安心,使消除疑虑(再次担保)
词根词缀: re- 再 + as- 来 , 临近 + -sur- 确信 + -e
They tried to reassure her, but she still felt anxious. 他们设法让她放心,可她还是焦虑不安。
ensure v. 保证,确保;使安全
词根词缀: en- 加强意义 + -sur- 确信 + -e
ensure=make to do sth.
I have a particular responsibility to ensure I make the right decision. 我肩负特殊责任,必须确保自己作出的决定是正确的。
Make sure that good behaviour is rewarded. 确保良好的行为受到嘉奖。
insure v. 确保,保证;投保
词根词缀: in- 向内 + -sur- 确信 + -e
. Will it insure success to [ for ] you? 这将保证你成功吗 ?
insurance n. 保险;保险费;保险契约
insurance policy 保险单
insurance industry 保险业
TAIN(拿hold)
attain v. 达到,实现;获得
词根词缀: at- 来 , 临近 + -tain- 握 , 持有
attain one's goal/dream
The cheetah can attain speeds of up to 97 kph. 猎豹的奔跑速度每小时可达97公里.
retain v.保持,雇佣,记录,卫冕
词根词缀: re- 再 + -tain- 握 , 持有
attain his world title
He decided to retain him for the trial. 他决定聘请他为出庭律师。
contain v.包含,控制,容纳
词根词缀: con- 共同 + -tain- 握 , 持有
to contain sth.含有...
Her blood was found to contain poison. 她的血液中发现有毒素。
Government forces have failed to contain the rebellion. 政府军未能遏止叛乱。
entertain v.娱乐,招待,怀抱,容纳
词根词缀: enter (= inter- )中间 , 之间 , 相互 + -tain- 握 , 持有
entertainment n.娱乐
obtain v.获得,得到(通过努力),流行
词根词缀: ob- 加强意义 + -tain- 握 , 持有
To obtain her degree, she answered 81 questions over 10 papers. 为获得学位,她回答了10页纸上的81个问题。
maintain v. 维持;继续;维修;主张;供养
词根词缀: main ( -man- )手 + -tain- 握 , 持有
She could not maintain her balance and moved in a wobbly fashion. 她无法保持平衡,走路颤颤巍巍。
His critics maintain that he's responsible for many of Algeria's ills. 他的批评者们坚持认为他应该为阿尔及利亚所面临的许多难题负责任。
sustain v. 维持;支撑,承担;忍受;供养;证实
词根词缀: sus- 下 + -tain- 握 , 持有
The people who sustain the worst losses are usually those who overreach. 不自量力者往往摔得最惨。
sustainable adj.可持续的
sustain development可持续发展
an environmentally sustainable society 保持生态环境平衡的社会
TEND(伸,拽)
attend v.出席,照料,致力于
词根词缀: at- 临近 + -tend- 延伸 → 延伸过来 → (腿脚延伸过来)出席 , (心神延伸过来)看管
attend a ceremony 参加典礼
attendance n.出席,出席人数
attendant adj. 伴随的;侍候的n. 服务员,侍者
contend v.声称,主张,争论
词根词缀: con- 共同 + -tend- 延伸 → 共同伸向
compete/contend with sb. for sth 争夺.
It is the principle I contend for, not individual or private benefit. 我奋斗争取的是原则而不是个人的私利。
contend that 认为...
I would contend that the minister's thinking is flawed on this point. 我倒认为部长的想法在这一点上有漏洞。
extend v. 延伸;扩大;推广;伸出;给予
词根词缀: ex- 出 , 向外 + -tend- 延伸
extend my passport/visa延长我的护照/签证
I'll extend my visa. 我会延长签证期限的。
extend/exoress my thanks
I wish to take this opportunity to extend my sincere thanks to all of you! 借此机会,我谨向你们表示衷心的感谢!
intend v.打算,想要
词根词缀: in- 朝 , 向 + -tend- 延伸
intend/plane to do sth. 打算做...
It's only fair to let her know that you intend to apply. 告诉她你打算申请,这才算公平嘛。
consider doing sth. 考虑做...
pretend adj.假装的 v.假装,伪装
词根词缀: pre- 前 , 先 + -tend- 延伸 → 在面前展示 , 做样子
pretend to do sth. 假装做...
The children pretend to be different animals dancing to the music. 孩子们扮成不同的动物,随着音乐起舞。
TRIBUT(交给)
tribute n. 礼物;[税收] 贡物;颂词;悼念;(尤指对死者的)致敬
词根词缀: -tribut- 交给 + -e
pay tribute to sb. 给...上贡
The song is a tribute to Roy Orbison. 那首歌是对罗伊·奥比森的致敬。
attribute n.属性,特质v.把...归因于
词根词缀: at- 朝 , 向 + -tribut- 交给 + -e
Cruelty is a normal attribute of human behaviour. 残忍是人的天性之一。
Archaeologists attribute the ruin to a flourishing prehistoric kingdom. 考古学家认为这些废墟属于一个繁荣的史前王国.
contribute v. 贡献,出力;投稿;捐献
词根词缀: con- 加强意义 + -tribut- 交给 + -e 动词词尾
contribute to 有助于;捐献;带来,促成;投稿
Would you like to contribute to our collection? 你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗?
Three other factors contribute to the trend, they add. 他们补充道,还有其他三个因素导致了这一趋势。
distribute v. 分配;分开;把…分类
词根词缀: dis- 分离 , 分开 + -tribut- 交给 + -e 动词词尾
Distribute the topping evenly over the fruit. 将配料均匀地撒在水果上。
Please distribute the examination papers round the class. 请把考卷发给全班同学.
CLAIM
claim vt. 要求;需要;认领 n. 声称;索赔
来自 kele, 叫,呼喊,词源同 call,clamor.
Jane is determined to stake her claim as an actress. 简决心主张自己作为一名女演员的权利。
disclaim v.否认,拒绝,放弃
词根词缀: dis- 否定 , 相反 + -claim- 叫喊 → 不再讲话
I disclaim any dealing in politics. 我没有搞过任何政治交易.
exclaim v.呼喊,惊叫
词根词缀: ex- 出 + -claim- 叫喊
I can not help but exclaim, how terrible figures! 我不禁惊叹, 多么可怕的数字!
reclaim v.开拓,回收再利用,改造某人,抗议
词根词缀: re- 回 + -claim- 叫喊 → 喊回来 → “开垦”是把荒地“喊回来”
You'll have to go to the police station to reclaim your wallet. 你得到警察局去认领你的钱包。
to reclaim the farmland 恢复耕地
PEL(推动,驱使)
compel v.强迫,迫使
词根词缀: com- 加强意义 + -pel- 推动
compel sb. to do sth.迫使...做...
Nothing can compel me to do such a thing. 没有什么可以强迫我做这件事.
dispel v.驱散,消除,击退
词根词缀: dis- 分离 , 分开 + -pel- 推动
dispel the worries 驱散烦恼
be expelled 被开除=be kicked out of the school
I tried in vain to dispel her misgivings. 我试图消除她的疑虑,但没有成功。
repel v.击退,抵制,使厌恶
词根词缀: re- 回 + -pel- 推动
repel the enemy attack 打退敌人进攻
Two like electric charges repel each other. 同性的电荷互相排斥.
propel v.推动,驱使,激励
词根词缀: pro- 前 + -pel- 推动
to propel the social development 促进社会发展
They use oars to propel boats. 他们用浆推进船只.
POSE(放置put)
compose v.写作,作曲,使平静
词根词缀: com- 共同 + -pos- 放置 + -e → 共同放置 , 放在一起
discompose v.使烦恼,使不安
This reply failed to discompose me, at least for the moment. 这回答并没有使我失去常态, 至少在当时.
decompose v.分解,使腐烂
You can apply heat to decompose organic compounds. 你可以加热来分解有机化合物.
dispose v.处理,处置,安排
词根词缀: dis- 分离 , 分开 + -pos- 放置 + -e → 分开放置
dispose land 垃圾填埋场
disposable adj.可处理的,用完即可丢弃的
disposables n. 一次性用品;可处理废弃物
The United States tried to dispose of its grain surpluses. 美国努力把过剩粮食处理掉.
disposition n. 处置; 性情;倾向;秉性
Man proposes, God disposes 谋事在人,成事在天。
expose v.揭露,揭发,暴露
词根词缀: ex- 向外 + -pos- 放置 + -e →展开,引申义暴露
exposition=exhibition=show=display展览
exposure n.暴露,曝光
词根词缀: ex- 向外 + -pos- 放置 + -ure
impose v.强加,利用,欺骗
词根词缀: im- 在 ... 上 + -pos- 放置 + -e → 把 ... 放在 ... 上,词源同 position,compose. 即放置,施压,引申词义推行,强加。
impose sth.on sb. 把...强加给...
impose on 利用;欺骗;施加影响于
The only limits to your success are those that you impose on yourself. 唯一限制你成功的因素都是你强加于自己的。
impose sb. on sb. 强奸
imposition n. 征收;强加;欺骗;不公平的负担
I know this is an imposition. But please hear me out. 我知道这是强人所难。但是请听我说完。
imposingadj. (建筑物等)壮观的;威风的;(仪表)堂堂的;给人深刻印象的
a grand and imposing building 雄伟壮观的建筑物
oppsoe v.反抗,反对,抗争
词根词缀: op- 对面 + -pos- 放置 + -e → 置于相反位置或立场
This party would bitterly oppose the re-introduction of the death penalty. 本党会强烈反对恢复死刑。
opponent n. 对手;反对者;敌手 adj. 对立的;敌对的
The president put the blame squarely on his opponent. 总统将责任完全归咎于对手。
opposition n. 反对;反对派;在野党
Opposition leaders had called for a boycott of the vote. 反对党领袖已号召人们拒绝投票。
反对
be opposed to sb./sth. (被动语态)
object to sb./sth.(主动语态)
be against to sb./sth. ←→be for sb./sth.支持
suppose v.猜想,认为,假设
词根词缀: sup- 下 , 低 + -pos- 放置 + -e
In a way, I suppose I'm frightened of failing. 我想我有点惧怕失败。
propose v. 建议;打算,计划;求婚,推荐
词根词缀: pro- 前 , 公开 + -pos- 放置 + -e → 把观点放在公众面前,把想法向前放是“建议”,把戒指向前放是“求婚”,把人才向前放是“推荐”
it is proposed that 据提议
It was proposed that the president be elected for a period of two years. 有人提议选出的主席任期为两年。
proposal n. 提议,建议;求婚
The president was in full agreement with the proposal. 总统完全赞同该提议。
purpose n,目的,用途 v.决心,企图
词根词缀: pur (= pro- )前 + -pos- 放置 + -e → 放在前面的东西 → 目的 , 意图。
The purpose of the visit was to navigate into an ice-filled fiord. 这次出行是为了能驶入冰雪覆盖的峡湾。
on purpose 故意
He did it on purpose, knowing it would annoy her. 他明知会激怒她,却故意那么做。
按计划
be supposed to do sth.(本应...)
be scheduled to do
be bond to do
特点
personality n。个性,品格,人格
John doesn't do too well in the personality stakes.论人格魅力,约翰很一般。
character n. 性格,品质;特性;角色v. 印,使具有特征
分布
normal distribution 正态分布
abnormal distribution 非正态分布
娱乐
recreation n.消遣,娱乐
词根词缀: re- 再 + -cre- 创造 + -ation 名词词尾
amusement n.娱乐,娱乐场
amuse 一词是从古法语词 amuser 变化来的,意思是“使……发呆”; a 即 to ; muser ,“ stare stupidly (呆着)”,这个词最初进入英语时,意思作“哄骗”、“欺骗”解,如果当时的士兵 amused the enemy ,那是“诱骗敌人”、“牵制敌人”,现在的 amusement 也可以说是对人们的一种“牵制”,只不过它是采用一种给人娱乐,使人高兴的办法。
实现,取得
achieve v.取得,获得,实现,成功
它源于拉丁短语 ad caput venire 'come to a head' (达到顶点)。古罗马人有时用此语来表示‘死’。以后古法语借用了此语的前半部 ad caput, 并据此造了动词 achever 'finish' (完成)。该词进入英语后,形式作 achieve 。
There are many who will work hard to achieve these goals. 有志之士将会共同为实现这些目标而努力。
accomplish v.完成,实现
词根词缀: ac- 加强意义 + com- 共同 + -pli- (充满 ,i 省略) + -ish 动词词尾
He is a man who will spoil rather than accomplish things. 他这个人成事不足,坏事有余.
确信
be certain about
make certain about 弄清;弄确实
money-saving省钱的
取决于
rest with
All access control decisions rest with the administrator. 所有访问控制决策取决于管理员。
rely on依靠,依赖
Even microscopic organisms rely on microclimates for survival. 甚至微生物也依靠微气候生存。
depend/count on指望,依靠
Can I count on your loyalty? 我能指望你对我忠诚吗?
由...组成
comprise of
Today they comprise a large body of current inorganic research. 今天,它们构成了当前无机研究的主体。
be composed of
composed adj. 镇静的;沉着的v. 组成;作曲(compose的过去分词)
The force would be composed of troops from NATO countries. 该部队将由北约各国的军队组成。
be made up of
appraise v.评价(正向)→appraisal n.评价
词根词缀: ap- 来 , 临近 + prais ( -prec- )价值 + -e
It is very high that people appraise to his thesis. 人们对他的论文评价很高.
...to
key to
solution to
answer to
approach to ...的思路
shortcut to ...的捷径
dessert n.甜点
refreshments n.茶点
“法律”
criminal罪犯 victim受害者 witness目击者
jury陪审团 judje法官 lawyer律师