分子生物学绪论

分子生物学绪论 一、分子生物学的基本含义 分子生物学是从分子水平研究生命本质为目的的一门新兴边缘学科,

Molecular Bioiogy

• The basis and history of molecular bioiogy
  • molecular bioiogy
    • It is the subject that research gene structure and function at the molecular level.
    • It grew out of the subjects of genetics and biochemistry.
    • combination of various biological disciplines: biochemistry,genetics, microbiology,and virology.
  • DNA and protein, the central dogma
    • Beadle and Tatum(1940)
      • precise relationship between genes and proteins
    • Avery (1944)
      • genes are made up of DNA
    • Hershey and Chase(1952)
      • the genetic material is made up of DNA
    • Watson and Crick (1953)
      • double helical structure of the DNA molecule
    • Crick (1957)
      • Central Dogma
    • Jacob and Monod (1961)
      • he existence of an intermediary between DNA and its protein products---mRNA
    • Monod and Jacob (beginning of the 1960s)
      • how the regulative proteins,located on the genes and control the transcription
    • 1961-1965,
      • genetic code was found between DNA and proteins.
  • Classical genetics
    • Hybridization
    • test cross
    • pedigree analysis
• The major ares and development of molecular biology
  • Research area
    • Chemical structure, size, morphology and 3D structure of biological macromolecules
    • The relationship between the structure and function of biological macromolecules, and the molecular biological processes of biological phenomena
    • The action mode of biomacromolecules in cells and tissues
    • Molecular biological processes of biological information transmission and metabolic regulation
  • Major concepts and achievements in moiecular
    • human genome projectHGP: ①determine the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up DNA and ②to identify and map the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional standpoint.
      • genetic map
      • physical map
      • sequence map
      • Gene map
    • RFLP (restrictionfragment length polymorphism)
    • SSLP(simplesequence length polymorphism
      • minisatellite DNA
        • 10-60bp core sequence
      • microsatellite DNA
        • 1-12bp core sequence
    • SNP (single nucleotidepolymorphism）
  • model organism
  • bioinformatics
  • 各种XX组学（-omics）
    • Genomics
    • Transcriptomics
    • Metabolomics
    • Environmental
    • Nutrigenomics
  • systems biolofy
    • Interactions between the components of biological systems, and how these interactions give rise to the function and behavior of that system
• the link analysis between traits and DNA fragment
• three point test cross