The basic connotation of instructional design
Instruction and design
Instructional design is a design activity that makes action plans based on known educational principles, teaching methods and techniques to improve the effectiveness of teaching.
Instruction
Multi-subjectivity
Teachers are the main body of instructional activities, and students are also the main body of instructional activities, so teachers and students are interactive subjects.
Purpose
Transfer of knowledge and skills, process and methods, emotional attitudes and values.
Contents
The content of teaching and learning determines the kind of people that are produced by the activity.
Objectives
Instructional objectives are the concrete expression of the aims of teaching and learning in different areas and levels.
Evaluation
Evaluation can not only test whether the instruction achieves the goal through the preset activities, but also be the basis for the reference to determine the teaching goal.
Design
In design activities, people develop action plans based on already identified action goals and based on known conditions.
Pre-defined activities
Preset activities are the activities in which teachers guide students to internalize learning content and achieve learning goals.
The connotation of instructional design
Instructional Design
Instruction is a planned human activity, and this planned scheme can be completed through a conscious design, which is the instructional design.
Instructional design is a technique
David Merrill" The purpose of instructional design is to create and develop learning experiences and learning environments that promote students to master these knowledge and skills.
The instructional design aims at improving the effectiveness of teaching.
Instructional design is a process
Instructional design has always been defined as the process of using systematic methods to analyze teaching problems, studying the methods and ways to solve problems, evaluating teaching results, and revising and determining teaching planning.
Instructional design is not a closed system, but a system that is constantly opening up in the process.
Instructional design as a philosophy
Learning theory is one of the theoretical foundations of instructional design, and instructional design is also a concept of learning as the basic object.
Learner analysis is an important part of instructional design.
The concept of instructional design as a learner-centred pre-designed activity.
The connotation of instructional design
Instructional design is a technique with its own system of tools, a process of continuous revision and a learner-centred philosophy of teaching and learning.
The theoretical basis of instructional design
Methodological theory: Systems theory
Core idea: the holistic nature of the system.
Everything in the world can be seen as a system.
A system has a certain time sequence within it.
A system cannot be without a corresponding feedback system.
Dynamic equilibrium process: equilibrium - disequilibrium - re-equilibrium - re-equilibrium
Instruction is a system, so instructional design needs to be based on the systemic characteristics of instruction.
Theories of teaching and learning: learning theory and teaching theory
Process: Learning is a process of activity that triggers changes in individual behaviour and competence through personal practice.
Result: Learning is a lasting change in the ability to behave in a certain way
Learning theory
Learning theory is a psychological theory that studies the nature of human learning and the mechanisms that shape it.
Behaviorism
S——R Instruction is a stimulation act.
Cognitivism
Learning is a complex information processing
Instruction promote learners to carry out internal information processing to obtain preset learning goals.
Constructivism
Human knowledge is the learners in the process of interaction with the external environment self-construction.
Teachers just assist, guide, material provider.
Teaching theories
Core: Facilitating learning
Procedural teaching thought
Behaviourist teaching ideas
Teaching is to design reasonable learning procedures for students and establish the most effective stimulation and reinforcement content.
Structuralism teaching thought
The principle of reinforcement
Technical theory: communication theory and design theory
Communication theory
Communication theory is the theory of studying the common law of all information communication activities in nature.
All human communication activities are communication activities.
Teaching is a communication activity between teachers and students.
Design theory
Presuppositional
All designs are plans and are unpracticed schemes.
Post-rational
Design is based on the known principles, methods, and techniques.
Modifiability
The design scheme can be modified before and during the implementation, rather than invariable.
Basic connotation of English instructional design
The essential Characteristics of English Teaching
Foreign Language Education
Political issues in education: The opening or closing of foreign language education is determined by national politics.
Language environment issues
Language difference issues
Subject Teaching
Specific objectives
General Qualities
The core is the understanding ability, the expression ability, the ability to analyze problems, the problem-solving ability and so on.
Intercultural Communication
Language is an integral part of culture.
To carry out English education in China, we need to form a clear cross-cultural attitude, which is the cross-cultural basis of English as foreign language education.
The core connotation of English Teaching design
Language Learning Philosophy
Cognitivism: complex information processing
Foreign Language Teaching Philosophy
Foreign language teaching design is a foreign language teaching preparation activity carried out by teachers to improve the effectiveness of foreign language teaching.
Teaching methods
Classical grammar translation method
Foreign Language Teaching Techniques
Foreign language learning is a systematic project。
Foreign language teaching is an educational communication activity.
English teaching design is designed to improve the effectiveness of English language learning, so theory, philosophy and technology are important components.
The teaching of English is essentially a foreign language and takes into account the influence of many factors. How to go about teaching English is also something to think about.
Design is technology and culture, and it is constantly evolving.
Knowledge is shared and passed on in the form of communication.
Pedagogical theory provides an important foundation for instructional design.
The three main learning theories are in common service to modern teaching and learning activities.
Teaching is a system and every aspect should serve the teaching and its objectives
General lesson preparation is necessary to use.
Teaching design is a technology with its own tool system,it is a process of constant correction, which more reflects a learner-centered teaching.
Instructional design has three connotations: technical, process and philosophy.
In teaching and design, both teachers and students are equally important.
Instructional design makes for more effective teaching.
