Vacabulary

all the words used by a particular person, socioeconomic group, profession, etc.

Vocabulary

• Introduction to vocabulary instruction
  • What is vocabulary?
    • word knowledge
    • Webster's New World College Dictionary
      • a list of words
      • all the words of a language
      • all the words used by a particular person, socioeconomic group, profession, etc.
      • an interrelated group of nonverbal symbols, signs, gestures, etc.
    • Online ourse
      • Words
      • Multiword units
  • Goals of vocabulary instruction
    • Direct vocabulary instruction
      • nurtures understanding of new concepts
      • enhances the craft of writing
      • develops a deeper understanding of the words and concepts students are partially aware of
      • increases reading comprehension
      • improves communication skills.
    • A major goal
      • To help students explore relationships between words
    • Specific goals
      • Provide students with skills/opportunities to learn words independently.
      • Teach students the meanings of specific words
      • Nurture a love and appreciation of words and their use.
  • Background to the teaching of vocabulary
    • Four strands
      • Learning from meaning - focused input——learning through listening and reading.
      • Deliberate language - focus learning——learning from being taught sounds , vocabulary , grammar and discourse .
      • Learning from meaning - focused output——learning by having to produce language in speaking and writing
      • Developing fluency——becoming quick and confident at listening, speaking, reading and writing.
• Principles for vocabulary instruction
  • What is involved in knowing a vocabulary?
    • form and meaning
    • word classes
    • pronounced
    • spelled
    • different sences
    • derivatives
    • grammatical properties
    • collocates
    • constraints
  • Principles for effective vocabulary instruction
    • Carefully select high utility words that students do not know yet
    • Provide students with direct instruction, multiple exposures and opportunities to practice new words
    • Provide exposure to rich vocabulary through classroom discourse (use pictures, gestures. realia to ensure comprehensible input)
    • Teach vocabulary learning strategies and techniques
    • Focus on the vocabulary in the most appropriate way
      • Using word parts
      • Guessing from the context
      • Using word cards
      • Using dictionaries
      • learning low-frequency words
    • Let the students do the work
    • Implement a regular testing schedule
    • Encourage students to be responsible for learning
      • Learners
        • knowledge of what to learn and the range of options for learning vocabulary
        • skills in choosing the best options for themselves
        • the abilitt to monitor and evaluate their learning progress
      • Teachers
        • Indorm the learners of the different types of vocabulary
        • Train the learners in the various ways of learning
        • Provide real opportunities for choosing what to learn and how to learn
        • Provide encouragement and opportunity for learners to reflect on their learning and to evaluate it
• Methods and techniques of vocabulary instruction
  • Task-based approach in vocabulary instruction
    • ESL/EFL
      • students can engage in various communicative tasks with peers
      • interest and authenticity
      • improve language by much negotiation of meanings
      • create a climate of intimacy
      • deep cooperativeness basic to learners, emotional and cognitive growth
    • Jane Willis
      • pre-task
        • T: introduces and defines the topic
        • Ss:recall words and phrases; learn new words and phrases
      • task cycle
        • Ss: perform the task in pairs or small groups; prepare a report; presentation
      • language focus
        • specific language features from the task
        • feedback
    • Designing vocabulary tasks
      • Meaning - focused input activities
      • Deliberate learning activities
      • Meaning - focused output activities
      • Fluency activities
  • Techniques for vocabulary instruction based on TBLT
    • Pronouncing the word
    • Listening to stories
    • Pictures and drawing
    • Realia
    • Miming and total physical response
    • Use video to produce target vocabulary
    • Sentence making
    • Grouping and organizing
    • Crossword puzzle
    • Online
      • Learning through word forms .
      • Learning through scenes .
      • Learning through comparison and categories.
      • Learning through timely revision
  • Reading Approach
    • Why Reading Approach?
      • Reading is a required aspect in the curriculum standard
      • Study shows that the amount of students' reading is strongly related to their vocabulary.
      • Students' vocabulary is a building process
    • Techniques for vocabulary instruction based on Reading Approach
      • Brainstorming
        • encourages students to focus on a topic or situation
      • Keyword
        • introduces new words from a text prior to reading it
      • Context skills
        • the strategies that a reader uses for incidental vocabulary learning
      • Word map
        • scaffolding students' vocabulary
      • Word structure/Word formation
      • The lexical technique
        • Collocations
        • Fixed expressions
        • Semi-fixed expressions
      • Substitution
        • students of all levels
      • Dictionary
        • important tool
        • research supports combining both the definitions of new words with the context in which the words are used.
• Focus on the most useful vocabulary first
• Word families
  • All words have a core meaning