形容词语法

形容词语法汇总，形容词语法，形容词比较级等级的构成，形容词比较等级的用法，包括比较级用法，最高级用法。

形容词

• 形容词的种类、位置和用法
  • 种类
    • 性质形容词
      • 直接说明事务的性质或特征，在形容词中占大部分
      • 有比较级和最高级
      • 可以用程度副词修饰
      • 可作定语、表语、补语
        • It is a very funny comeby
        • The comeby is very funny
        • All of us will try our best to make this comeby funny
    • 叙述形容词
      • 叙述性形容词主要作表语，或者作后置定语，所以又称表语形容词
      • 没有级的变化，也不可以用程度副词修饰，大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类
        • afraid害怕的,alone 单独的，asleep睡着的，alive活着的,awake醒着的，ill病的
      • 例子
        • The boy is afraid of his father
        • There are thousands of fish alive in the lake ten years ago.
        • The sick man was afraid of death The ill man was afraid of death(X)
    • 其它形容词
      • 用于说明事务间的关系或者事务的用途、时间、方位
      • 通常没有级的变化，也不能用程度副词修饰
      • Chinese 中国的，permannent 永久的，western 西方的
  • 位置
    • 形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边； 如果修饰以-thing结尾的词时，要放在这些词后面
      • There are something wrong with this watch
      • What a wonderful game!
      • I was chatting with some old friends
      • He wants to do something different this time.
      • He saw something white in the dark.
      • Is there anything important in the newspaper?
    • 形容词的顺序
      • 修饰的名词还有冠词(a,an,the)或代词(my,this,that...)修饰时， 词序为：冠词/代词+形容词+名词
        • a beautiful girl
        • an excellent musician
        • your favourite music
    • 形容词的后置
      • 形容词作定语时要放在所修饰的名词前面，但当名词前面有表示量度的词或词组时，形容词要放在所修饰的名词后面
        • London is a city about tow thousand years old. =London is about a tow-thousand-year-old city.
        • Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high. =Last year we built a thirteen-storey-high building.
      • 带有表示量度的词或词组作表语时，形容词也要后置
        • The bridge is a hundred meters long,
        • The building is thirteen storeys high.
      • 一些形容词或形容词词组常放在句首或句尾，作状语
        • He return home,tired and hungry.
        • Cold and hungry,he walked in the street.
  • 需要注意的形容词用法
    • 有些形容词可以与定冠词the连接，表示一类人或事物,这时，它相当于一个名词，可以作主语或宾语。表示一类人时，看作复数；表示一类事物时，看作单数。
      • Robin hated the rich and loved the poor.
      • The wounded / old are well looked after.
      • We all love the beautiful.
      • the young 年轻人； the aged 老人； the sick 病人； the deaf 聋哑人; the blind盲人； the smooth 顺利的事； the important 重要的事； the impossible 不可能的事；
  • 补充
    • be+形容词+介词(about,of...)表示感情或态度
      • be good at 擅长于... be afraid of 害怕... be angry with sth 对某事生气 be fond of 喜欢 be frightened of 因...而收到惊吓 be nervous about 因...而紧张 be pleased with 对...感到高兴 be polite to sb 对某人有礼貌 be rude to sb 对某人粗鲁 be scared of 害怕... be supprised at 对...感到惊讶 be angry about/at 因...而生气 be angry with sb 生某人的气 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 be glad about 因...而高兴 be interested in 对...感兴趣 be kind to sb 对某人好 be poor/bad at 不擅长 be proud of 以...为骄傲/自豪 be satisfied with 对...感到满意 be sorry about/for 为...而后悔，道歉 be tired of 对...感到厌烦 be worried about 为...而担心 be able to do sth 能够做某事 be easy to do sth 容易做某事 be ready to do sth 准备做某事 be eager to do sth 渴望做某事 be glad to do sth 高兴做某事 be willing to do sth 乐于做某事 be good/bad for 对...有好处/有害 be busy with sth 忙于某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 be close to 靠近... be different from 与...不同 be famous for 因...而著名 be dressed in 穿着... be full of 充满...
• 形容词比较等级的构成
  • 大多数性质形容词有比较级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级
  • 形容词比较等级的规则变化
  • 形容词比较等级的不规则变化
  • 补充
    • elder和eldest表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系
      • elder sister姐姐、elder brother 哥哥
      • Marry is my elder sister
      • Joe is the eldest of my cousins.
    • older和oldest表示年龄大小
      • Karl looks older than Jack
  • 注意
    • 有些形容词的比较级和最高级用2种方法表示均可
      • early 最早-->earlier,earliest / more early,the most early
      • friendly 友好的-->friendlier,friendliest / more friendly,the most friendly
      • solid 坚固的-->solider,solidest / more solid,the most solid
      • cruel 残酷的-->crueler,cruelest / more cruel,the most cruel
    • 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词在末尾加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级
      • clever 聪明的-->cleverer,cleverest
      • narrow 狭窄的-->narrower,narrowest
• 形容词比较等级的用法
  • 原级用法
    • 形容词原级的基本用法
      • 原级的肯定形式
        • 句型：A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as+B 表示：A和B两者比较，程度相同
          • Liu Ying is as good at sports as her sister. (刘英和她姐姐一样擅长运动)
          • Her skin is as white as snow. (她肌肤如雪)
          • My dog is as old as that one. (我的狗和那只狗一样大)
          • This jacket is as cheap as that one. (这件夹克和那件一样便宜)
          • It is as warm today as yesterday. (今天和昨天一样暖和)
      • 原级的否定形式
        • 句型：A+be动词+not+so/as+形容词原级+as+B 表示：A不如B那么......
          • He is not so/as careful as I.(他不如我细心) =I am more careful than he/him(我比他细心)
          • The weather in Beijing is not so/as hot as that in Whuhan. (北京的天气不如武汉热)
          • There are not so/as many books in our library as in yours. (我们图书馆的书没有你们的那么多)
          • It is not so/as warm today as yesterday. (今天不如昨天暖和)
      • 原级的一般疑问句形式
        • 句型：Be动词+A+as+形容词原级+as+B 表示：A如B那么......?
          • Is he as busy as before? (他还是和以前一样忙吗？)
          • Is there as much water in this glass as in that one? (这个杯子的水和那个杯子里的一样多吗？)
          • Is it as warm today as yesterday? （今天和昨天一样暖和吗？）
    • 需要注意的形容词原级用法
      • 表示倍数
        • 句型：...times+as+形容词原级+as
          • This garden is ten times as large as that one. (这个花园是那个10倍大)
          • There are now twice as many as parks in the city as in 2000. (这个城市现有的公园数量是2000年时的两倍)
          • This ruler is three times as long as that one. (这把尺子的长度是那把尺子的三倍)
          • once 表示一倍 twice 表示两倍 three，four...times 表示三倍，四倍
      • 表示半数
        • 句型：...half+as+形容词原级+as
          • My handwriting is not half as good as yours. (我的书法还不如你的一半好)
          • This pole is half as tall as that one. (这根杆子只有那根的一般高)
      • 表示"尽可能..."
        • 句型：as+形容词原级+as possible
          • He is coming here as fast as possible. (他会尽可能快地来这里)
          • You should read books as many as possible. (你应该尽可能多读书)
  • 比较级用法
    • 形容词比较级的基本用法
      • 句型:A + 动词 + 形容词比较级 + than B 表示:A 比 B 更.....一些
        • His brother is younger than I / me
        • She is more beautiful than her elder sister.
        • The tree is taller than that one.
        • You look younger today =You look yangger today than before
    • 需要注意的形容词比较级用法
      • 用修饰词加强语气
        • 在形容词比较级前还可以用much、even、far、a lot、still、a little...来修饰，表示"...得多"、"....一些"，以加强语气。
          • Your room is much larger than mine. (你的房间比我的大多了)
          • Our city is much more beautiful than yours. (我们的城市比你们的漂亮得多)
          • Diamond is even harder than steel. (钻石甚至比钢还硬)
          • He is even slower than before. (他甚至比以前更慢了)
          • Japan is a little larger than Germany. (日本只比德国大一点儿)
      • 表示倍数
        • 句型：...times+形容词比较级+than... 表示：比...大/长/多.../几倍
          • Your room is three times larger than mine. (你的房间比我的大3倍)
          • Our room is twice times larger than theirs. (我们的房间比他们的大2倍)
          • This river is ten times longer than that river. (这条河比那条河长10倍)
          • once 表示一倍 twice 表示两倍 three，four...times 表示三倍，四倍
      • 表示“大几岁” “高几厘米”等
        • 句型：表示数、量的词+形容词比较级+than...
          • I am tow years older than you. (我比你大2岁)
          • She is a head taller than I/me. (她比我高一头)
      • 表示“比其他任何...都..."
        • 句型：比较级+than+any other+单数名词 该句型是用比较级形式表达最高级的意思
          • He is better than any other student in the class. (他在班里比任何一个学生都好) =He is the best in the class
          • This watch is more expensive than any other watch in the shop. =This watch is the most expensive in the shop. (在这店里，这只表比其它任何一只都贵)
          • He is taller than any other boy in his class. （在班上，他比其它任何男孩子都高）
      • 表示"越来越......"
        • 句型：比较级+and+比较级
          • The weather is getting warmer and warmer. （天气变得越来越暖和）
          • China is more and more beautiful. (中国变得越来越漂亮)
      • 表示"越....就越......"
        • 句型：the+比较级...,the+比较级...
          • The busier he is,the happier he feels. (他越忙就越开心)
          • The sooner,the better. (越快越好)
          • The higher the ground (is),the thinner the air becomes. (地势越高，空气就越稀薄)
      • 表示"两个中比较......的"
        • 句型：the+比较级 of the two
          • This watch is the cheaper of the two (这只手表是两只中比较便宜的)
          • He is the better of the two. (他是这两个人中比较好的)
      • 表示"（比较A和B）哪一个更.....?"
        • 句型：Which is+比较级，A or B? 如果是人与人相比较时，可用Who代替Which
          • Which one is more popular,the radio or the movie? (广播和电影，哪个更受欢迎？)
  • 最高级用法
    • 形容词最高级的基本用法
      • 三者或三着以上(人或事物)相比较，其中有一个在某方面超过其他几个时，用最高级。最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带of/in短语来说明比较的范围。
      • 句型:A + 动词 + 形容词最高级 + of/in
        • Spring is the best season of the year. (春天时一年中最好的季节)
        • She is the youngest in the class. (她是班里最年轻的)
        • "of+复数"表示"在...之中" "in+范围，场所"表示"在...之中/内"
    • 需要注意的形容词最高级用法
      • 表示"是最....之一"
        • 句型:one of the + 形容词最高级
          • Shanghai is one of the most charming cities in China. (上海是中国最具魅力的城市之一)
          • One of the most important languages is English. (英语是最重要的语言之一)
      • 表示"大多数,大部分的...."
        • 句型1：most +复数名词 句型2：most of the+复数名词 句型3： most of+代词
          • Most people like apples. (大多数人喜欢吃苹果)
          • Most of the boys are good as football. (大多数男孩都擅长踢足球)
      • 表示哪一个(人)最为...呢？
        • 句型：Which/Who is+the+形容词最高级....? 该句型用于三个或三个以上的事物或人的比较
          • Which is the biggest of the five apples? (这5个苹果中，哪个最大？)
          • Who is the tallest boy in your class？ (你们班哪个男孩最高)
    • 补充
      • 我们可以用原级、比较级、最高级三种形式来表达最高级
        • She is the best in her class. (她是他们班最好的学生)
        • She is better than any other student in her class.
        • No other student in her class is better than she.
        • No other student in her class is as good as she.