导图社区 介词
这是一篇关于介词的思维导图,主要内容有介词的种类和介词短语的用法、表示时间的介词、表示场所的介词、其他介词等。
编辑于2022-10-08 15:46:00 广东英语学习即学习英语,主要讲述学习英语的方法,注意事项等内容。学习英语贵在坚持,找到适合自己的方法,多运用多温故。英语学习过程是一种观察,模拟,认识,识记,思考,记忆等综合的心理活动过程。建议从学单词开始就听写背单词(从简单到复杂),建立起人...
这是一篇关于介词的思维导图,主要内容有介词的种类和介词短语的用法、表示时间的介词、表示场所的介词、其他介词等。
副词(Adverb 简称adv.)是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。副词可分为:时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词...
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英语学习即学习英语,主要讲述学习英语的方法,注意事项等内容。学习英语贵在坚持,找到适合自己的方法,多运用多温故。英语学习过程是一种观察,模拟,认识,识记,思考,记忆等综合的心理活动过程。建议从学单词开始就听写背单词(从简单到复杂),建立起人...
这是一篇关于介词的思维导图,主要内容有介词的种类和介词短语的用法、表示时间的介词、表示场所的介词、其他介词等。
副词(Adverb 简称adv.)是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。副词可分为:时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词...
介词
介词的种类和介词短语的用法
介词的种类
介词还可以分为: 时间介词(at)、 地点介词(on,out of等)、 方式介词(by等)、 原因介词(because of)、 其他介词
简单介词
只有一个单词,如in,on,after,before,at,by,for,from,above,over,under等
We set the dinner party at six thirty.(我们定在六点半聚餐) I broke the lamp on the wall.(我打碎了墙上的灯)
介词短语
由两个或两个以上的单词集合而成的,如out of,in front of,instead of等
Tom jumped out of bed.(汤姆从墙上跳下来) I cam back because of the rain.(因为下雨,所以我回家了)
介词短语的用法
"介词+名词 / 代词"形成的介词短语,可以作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语
The girl with long hair is my elder sister. Nancy put her MP4 on the desk.
介词短语作定语
介词短语作定语,一律后置
The mobile phone on the desk is mine.(桌子上的手机是我的) He bought a vila with fine scenery.(他买了一栋风景优美的别墅) A gentlement in white came into the hall.(一个穿白色衣服的绅士坐进大厅)
比较介词短语作定语与形容词作定语的区别: (1) a book on the desk. 桌子上的一本书 (2) an interesting book 一本有趣的书
介词短语作状语
介词短语作状语时,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
Classess begin at eight.(8点钟开始上课)
介词短语修饰动词
To my surprise,Li Ming passed the exam at all. (让我感到惊讶的是,李明居然通过了考试)
介词短语,修饰整个句子
Jane looks younger for her age.(珍妮看起来比她实际年龄年轻)
介词短语修饰形容词
介词短语作状语 与 副词作状语的区别: Stand on the hill 站在山上 Stand there 站在那里
介词短语作表语
He is in danger.(他处于危险之中) We are against / for you.(我们反对/支持你) The car is in front of the house.(汽车在房子前面)
介词短语作宾语补足语
Make yourself at home.(随便一些,就和在你家一样) We made Brian out of danger.(我们使布莱恩脱离了危险)
make 使役动词
表示时间的介词
at,on,in
at 用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
We usually have lunch at twelve.(我们通常12点吃午饭)
at lunch 在午餐时 at noon 正午时 at night 在夜间 at present 目前 at first 期初,首先,开始的时候 at last 最后 at times 偶尔,有时 at this time of (the) year 在一年中这个时候 at dawn 在黎明 at that time 那时 at the moment 此刻,目前 at nine 在9点 at/on the weekend 在周末 at the same time 同时 at the end of (the) year 在年末 at the Lantern Festival 在元宵节
on 用于某天,某一天的上午、下午( 指具体某一天时,一律用on)
We didn't listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. (周三下午,我们没去听演讲)
具体某天的下午,用on
on Monday 在周一 on Tuesday morning 在周二上午 on your birthday 在你生日当天 on August 8,2008 在2008年8月8日 on a fine morning 在一个晴朗的早晨 on a cold night 在一个寒冷的夜晚 on the New Year's Eve 在除夕 on the morning of National Day 在国庆节上午 on Children's Day 在儿童节那天 on the night of July the first 在7月1日的夜晚
in 用于表示月、季节、年 和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)
People go to skating in winter.(人们冬天去滑冰) I will come in the evening.(我晚上会过来)
in January 在一月 in March 在三月 in May 在五月 in 2022 在2022年 in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏天 in winter 在冬季 in autumn 在秋季 in the 21st century 在21世纪 in September,2022 在2022年9月 in November 在十一月 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上
泛指一般的上午、下午时,用in in the morning 在早上 特指某日的上午、下午时,用on on Sunday morning 在周日早上
before,after
before 在....之前
All passengers must arrive at the airport two hours before the departure time.(所有乘客必须在登机前两个小时到达机场)
作介词
He will call me before he leaves here / before ten o'clock. (他离开这里之前 / 10点之前,将给我打电话)
第一个before作连词;第二个作介词
before 既可作介词,又可以作连词
after 在....之后
The nights start after half past five in winter. (在冬天下午5点30分夜晚就开始降临了)
after 是介词
Please close the door after you leave the room. 离开房间后,请关门
after 是连词
after 既可以作介词,又可以作连词
by,untill/till
by 在...前(时间),截止到...
How many English books had you read by the end of last year (到去年年底,你读了多少本英语书) Ada had left by the time I arrived.(在我到达前,艾达已经走了)
用by,到...时间之前,动作已经完成,要用过去完成时态
by the end of...在...底(之前) by six o'clock 在6点前 by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在...之前 by next Friday在下周五之前
untill / till 直到...为止(时间)
They won't come back untill / till the end of the year. (他们到年底才会回来 / 直到年底前,他们不会回来) I'll wait for him untill he come here. (我将在这里等到他来)
在untill / till 构成的句子中,动词如果是终止性动词,则必须用否定式
by 和 untill / till 的区别 untill 和 till 可以通用,另外,untill 和 till 还可以作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,而by不能作连词; by serven o'clock 截至7点钟(一般和完成时连用) untill serven o'clock 直到7点(7点以前)
for,during,through
for 达...之久(表示经过了多少时间) for可以与一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但最常和完成时连用
He has lived in Los Angles for 50 years.(他在洛杉矶已经住了50年)
现在完成时
Oh!We have to stay here for an hour.What waste of time. 啊!我们要在这里停留1小时,太浪费时间了
一般现在时
during 在...期间
Where will you go during the summer?(今年夏天,你打算去哪里?) They are going to have a good rest during the winter holidays.(寒假期间,他们打算好好休息一下)
for和during的常用短语: for a year 一年 for a few days 几天 for twenty weeks 二十周 during the lesson 上课期间 during the war 战争期间 during the night 夜间
through 一直...(从开始到结束).
They played the cards through the night.(他们打了一夜的牌) Paul stayed in London through the winter(保罗整个冬天都呆在伦敦)
from,since
from 从...(时间)起 from表示"从...开始" ,一般都是用词组from...to...而单纯表示确切的"从几点开始"时用at
The meeting will be help from eight to ten.(会议将从8点开到10点) The meeting will be help at eight.(会议将从8点开始)
since 自从....以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
I have played the piano since 2006.(我从2006年开始弹钢琴)
强调一直弹到现在,用完成时
The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor. (这个医生自行医以来,已经救了许多人的生命)
since表示时间时,一般只用于完成时的句子,since在这里作为连词,引导时间状语从句,
in,within
in 过......之后(未来时间) in大多用在将来时(一般将来时、过去将来时)
in an hour 一小时之后 in a week or so 大约一星期之后 He will be back in five hours.(他5个小时之后回来)-->一般将来时 They said they would arrive here in a week.(他说他一周后到达)-->过去将来时
用过去时表示"过后": She went to Nanjing last May,and she came back after a mouth. (去年5月,她去了南京,一个月后,她又回来了)
within 不超过.....的范围
within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week 一周之内 I must finished painting the cat within five minutes. (我必须在5分钟之内画好这只猫) They worked hard,They finished the work within 2 days at last. (他们工作很努力,终于在两天之内完成了这项工作)
in 是已现在为基准,in an hour 是指从现在起一小时之后,所以in一般用于将来时; within强调"在...时间内",没有时态限制
表示场所的介词
at,in
at 在某地点(表示比较窄小的场所)
I'll meet him at the Beijing railway station.(我将去北京站接他)
at home 在家 at the school gate 在学校门口 at a factory 在一家工厂 at the party 在聚会上 at the end of 在...末尾 at the door 在门边 at the bottom of 在...底部 at the back of 在...后面 at the head of 在...排头 at Mike's home 在麦克家 at the hotel 在宾馆 at the airport 在机场 at the crossroad 在十字路口 at the bus stop 在公共汽车站 at my desk 在我的桌子旁
in 在某地(表示比宽大的场所)
Hong Kong is a very crowded city in the south of China. (香港是中国南方一个非常拥挤的城市)
in Beijing 在北京 in China 在中国 in the world 在世界上 in the stree 在街上 in a room 在房间里 in a house 在房子里 in the picture 在图画里 in the air 在空中 in the newspaper 在报纸中 in the yard 在院子中
英语中,有些词组有没有定冠词the,意义区别很大: at table 在进餐 at the table 在桌旁 in hospital在医院(住院) at the hospital 在医院(工作或探访) in prison在监狱(服刑) in the prison在监狱(工作或探访) His brother is in prison,He was arrested two years ago. (他哥哥2年前被捕了,现在在监狱服刑) Mike works in the prison.(迈克在监狱工作)
on,above,over,under,below
on
在....上面(有接触面)
on the desk 在桌子上面 on the map 在地图上 There are two maps on the wall.(墙上有两幅地图)
在靠近...的地方
on the right 在右边 on the river 在河边
above 在...上方(below的反义词)
Our plane flew above the clouds.(我们的飞机在云端上飞行) The sun rose above the horizon.(太阳已升到地平线上)
over 在...正上方(under的反义词)
There is a light over Li Ming.(李明头顶上有一盏灯) There is a stone arch bridge over the river.(河面上有一座石拱桥)
under 在..下面(正下方)
under the table 在桌子下面 under the jacket 在夹克下 The dog is under the tree.(那只狗在树下)
below 在...下面(不一定是正下方)
There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water. (水面下有许多鱼) A boat is below the bridge.(一条船在桥的下面)
near,by
near 在.....附近,靠近 near还可以修饰时间,如in the near future表示"在不久的将来"
Do you live near here.(你住在这附近吗?) Is there a bus stop near here.(这附近有公共汽车站吗?)
by 在.....旁边(距离比near要近)
by the window 在窗户旁边 by me 在我旁边 The boy is standing by the window.(这个男孩正站在窗户旁边)
"在.....旁边"有时也可以用beside来表示
between,amoung,around
between 在两者之间
Our teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike. (我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间) What is the difference between A and B? (A和B之间有什么区别?)
amoung 在三者或三者以上的人或事物之中
There is a beautiful castle amoung the tree.(树林中有座漂亮的城堡。) He is very popular amoung the students.(他在学生中很受欢迎。)
around 环绕,在.....周围,在....四周
We sat around the table.(我们围坐在桌旁。) The earth moves around the sun.(地球围绕着太阳转)
in front of,behind,opposite
in front of 在.....的前面(强调外部)
There is a tree in front of the classroom.(在教室前面有一颗树)
强调在教室的外部
There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. (在教室的前部有一张给老师用的达讲桌)
强调在教室的内部
in front of 和 before的区别 两者均表示"在.....之前", 表示场所时要用in front of 而不用before; before用于表示时间、名单和次序等 in front of the house 在房子的前面
behind 在.....的后面(in front of 的反义词)
There is a cherry tree behide my house. =There is a cherry tree at the back of my house. (我家房子后面有一颗樱桃树)
oppsite 在.....的对面
Our school is opposite a university.(我们学校在一所大学的对面) He stood opposite me.(他站在我的对面)
in,into,out of,up
in 在.....之内(用于表示静止的位置)
The students are in classroom.(学生们在教室里) I could feel the air of tension in the room.(我可以感觉到房间里的紧张气氛)
into 进入(表示有一定的运动方向) into表示有特定终点的运动方向, 通常用于表示动作的动词之后, 如go,come等
The students ran into the classroom.(学生们跑进教室) He jumped into the water.(他跳进水中)
out of 出来(表示有一定的运动方向)
The students rushed out of the classroom excitedly.(学生们兴奋地冲出教室)
out of 的其他含义: (1) 在....范围外 Don't lean out of the window.(千万不要倚着窗户探出身去) (2)没有,缺少 He has been out of work for a year.(他已经失业一年了)
up 向上,向高处
The children climbed up that tree.(孩子们爬上那棵树) We climbed slowly up the hill.(我们缓慢地爬上了山)
along,across,past,through
along 沿着,沿着.....的边缘
I was walking along the river when it began to rain. (我正沿着河边散步,突然下起雨来了)
across 横过,穿过,越过,在对面
She went across the street to do some shopping. (她去街对面购物)
past 经过,越过
The hospital is a kilometer past the post office.(医院就在过了邮局一公里处) Every day he runs past the city hall.(他每天跑步经过市政厅)
through 贯穿,通过
The Scine river flows through the city.(塞纳河流穿过这个城市) The sun shone through the clouds.(阳光穿过云层照射下来)
to,for,from
to 到达.....的地点(目的地)或方向
How long does it take to get to the airport.(到机场要用多少时间?) I am going on a study trip to Hong Kong.(我打算去香港做一次游学)
for 向....(表示目的地)
for表目的地时,一般和固定动词搭配 leave for 动身去 start for 出发去 What time does your plane leave for America tomorrow? (明天你的航班何时启程去美国?)
from 从.....起(表示起点)
It take about thirty minutes to get to the zoo from the bus stop on foot. (从车站到动物园步行大概需要30分钟) How far is it from Beijing to Hong Kong? (从北京到香港有多远?)
其他介词
with,in,by
with
和....在一起
I am going on a package tour to Beijing with my mother. (我打算与妈妈参加全包旅游去北京)
具有,带有
He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes. 他是一个英俊的男孩,有着一双明亮的大眼睛。
用某种工具或方法
Lily cut her hand with a knife. (莉莉用刀把手弄破了)
of,from
of (属于)....的(表示数量或种类)
This is a map of China.(这是一幅中国地图)
from 来自(某地、某人),以....(时间或地点)起始
I am from China.(我来自中国) I have got an email from my friend.(我收到一封来自我朋友的电子邮件) We work from Monday to Friday.(我从星期一到星期五上班)
without,like,as
without没有(with的反义词)
I can't finished the work without her help. (没有她的帮忙,我不能完成这项工作) I can't read this English essay without using dictionary. (不用字典,我看不了这篇英文短文) Please give me a cup of coffe without milk. (请给我一杯不加奶的咖啡)
like 像.....一样
Nancy is just like her mother.(南希和她妈妈一样) It's not like you to take offence.(你不想会发脾气的人)
as 作为
Steven Hawking is famous as a scientist.(史蒂芬.霍金作为一名科学家而闻名) They treated me as a hero.(他们像对待英雄那样对待我) The room is clean and tidy as usual.(这间房间像平时一样干净整洁)
常用介词短语: be famous as 以....而闻名 treat.....as.... 把...当作..... as usual 照常,照例,和通常一样
against,about
against 反对,靠着
He against the plan.(他反对这个计划) The teacher is standing against the blackboard. (老师正靠着黑板站着)
about 关于,各处,身旁,询问某人/某物的情况
Tell me something about your life.(告诉我你的生活情况) He looked about himself.(他四处张望) I have no money about/with me.(我身上没带钱) What about your elder sister.(你姐姐的情况如何?) How about going to the Dsineyland theme park.(去迪斯尼主题公园怎么样?)
介词短语
动词+介词
look for 寻找
He is looking for his bike.(他正在寻找他的自行车)
I looked for my Mickey watch everywhere,but I didn't foud it. (我到处找我的米奇手表,但没有找到)
look for 强调找的动作 find 强调找的结果
play with sth. 玩(耍)
Don't play with fire.(别玩火)
think of 想起,想到
When I saw him,I thought of my father.(当我看见他时,我想起了我的爸爸)
I can't think of his nam at the moment.(我一时想不起他的名字了)
think of 常用在what do you think of...?这一句型中,意思是"你认为....怎么样?"
hear from sb 收到某人的来信
He heard from his mother last week. =He got a letter from his mother last week. (上周,他收到了他妈妈的来信)
hear from 后跟某人
talk about sth.谈论某事
We are talking about Chinese and Western festivals at an international winter camp.(我们在国家冬令营谈论中西方的节目)
talk to/with sb.和某人谈论
Don't talk to your deskmate,Li Ming. 李明,不要和你的同桌说话
The teacher is talking with Tom's parents. (老师正在和汤姆的父母谈话)
look at 注视,看着
She looked at the blackboard,but saw nothing. 他盯着黑板,但什么都没看到 I looked at that fancy poster for about five minutes. (他看着那张精美的海报大概5分钟)
listen to 倾听
I like listen to the radio.(我喜欢听收音机)
I listened to him,but heard nothing.(我听他说话,但什么都没听到)
listen 表示有意识地听,强调听的动作,后面常跟介词to; hear 不一定是有意识, 强调听的结果
call on sb. 拜访某人
I called on my uncle yesterday.(昨天我看望了我的叔叔)
He called on me yesterday morning.(他昨天早上来拜访了我。)
arrive at/in 到达
We arrived at the Beijing station at noon.(我们中午到达了北京站)
When will Mr.Zhou arrive in India?(周先生什么时候会到达印度?)
We arrived in Shaihai this morning.(我今天早上到的上海)
arrive at / in 中的介词,at用于比较小的地方,in用于比较大的地方 口语中,常用get to 代替 arrive at / in I'll get to the factory at three.(我将在3点中到工厂)
take care of 照顾
The old are taken good care of in this city. (在这个城市,老人们受到了很好的照顾)
They appointed her to take care of that kind old man.
wait for 等待
I'll wait for you until eight o'clock.(我等你到8点钟)
I have been waiting for the bus for half an hour. (我已经等了半小时的公交车了)
take off 脱衣,起飞
He entered the room and took off his coat.(他走进房间,脱掉外套) Watch that bird taking off from the branch!(注意看那只鸟正从枝头飞起来)
pay for 为.....而付出 钱/代价
suffer from 忍受....(痛苦等)
move to 搬家,移动到.....
hear of / about 听到,听说,获知
jump into 跳进
give off 发出(气味、光、热、声音等)
run away from 从.....跑开,离开
appologize to sb.(for sth.) (因某事)向某人道歉
deal with / do with 处理
set through 完成,结束,接通电话
write to sb. 给某人写信
thank sb. for sth. 因为某事而感谢某人
speed up 使加速
look into 调查
look forward to 期待,盼望
look down to 轻视,瞧不起
look after 照顾
look up to 尊敬,仰慕
learn from 向...学习
think about 考虑
laugh at 嘲笑
get on 上车 / get off 下车
get into 上车(小汽车、卧车等)
knock at/on 敲....
fall off 跌下,从....掉下来
believe in 相信,信仰
talk to/with sb. about sth. 和某人谈论某事
ask for 向....要求
worry about 为....而担心
die of(cancer) 死于(癌症)
die from(a wound) 死于(重伤)
lend sth. to sb. 把....租给某人
borrow sth.from sb. 从某人处借到某物
belong to 属于
agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
show off 卖弄
give up 放弃
be动词+形容词+介词
be kind to 对....亲切
His stepmother was kind to him.(他的继母对他很好)
Would you be a little kind to this poor puppy? (你能不能对这个可怜的小狗好一点?)
be good at 擅长于....,在....做得好
Are you good at speaking English.(你的英语说得好吗?)
A good executive must be good at decision-making. 优秀的领导者必须善于决策。
be late for 迟到
He is always late for the school.(他上学总是迟到)
I will be late for my date again.(我这次约会又要迟到了)
be afraid of 害怕
The boy isn't afraid of dogs.(这个男孩不怕狗)
Don't be afraid of my dog,and it wouldn't hury a fly. (不要怕我的狗,他很温顺)
be sorry for 为...为感到抱歉
I am sory for being late again.(抱歉,我又迟到了)
He was sorry for her and tried to cheer her up. (他为她感到难过,并试图使她振作起来)
be absent from 缺席
be proud of 以....为自豪
be different from 和.....不同
be famous for 因....而著名
be fond of 爱好,喜欢
be please with 乐于
be full of 充满,装满
介词+名词
大多作为副词使用
at+名词
at home 在家
at school 在学校
at last 最后
at present目前
at least 至少
at first 首先
at once 马上
at work 在工作
at night 在夜晚
on+名词
on foot 步行
on TV 在电视上
on business 出差
on one's way 在....的路上
on time 按时,准时
on show 展览
on the train 坐火车
on a trip 旅行
on fire 着火
on purpose 故意
for+名词
for a while 一会儿
for hours/days/years 有好几小时/天/年
for oneself 为了自己
for example 例如
in+名词
in English 用英语
in the end 终于
in those days 在那时
in time 及时
in my opinion 以我看来
in class 课上
by+名词
by the way 顺便
by oneself 独自
by air/plane 坐飞机
by mistake 错误地
by the end of 截至
by sea/ship 坐船
by credit card 用信用卡
by s o'clock 截至6点
by bus/train坐公交车/火车
其他介词+名词
after school 放学后
of course 当然
in pain 疼痛
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