导图社区 高中语法填空
这是一篇关于高中语法填空的思维导图,主要内容有动词、名词、形容词、副词、从句、介词。
编辑于2022-10-23 16:23:35 北京市语法填空
有提示词
动词
时态语态
一般现在时
目前经常性的习惯,动作或状态
时间状语:every month/day,often,always
客观真理,科学事实
时刻表
am/is/are do
一般过去时
过去的动作或状态
时间状语:yesterday,last month,just now,ago,in+过去时间(年月季)或主语从句
did
一般将来时
表现在看以后要发生的动作或状态
in+一段时间
will do
现在进行时
现在正在进行的动作或状态
反复出现的习惯性动作
时间状语:now,look,listen,watch,上下文语境
am/is/are doing
过去进行时
过去时间点正在进行的动作或状态
时间状语:at nine o'clock last night,固定句型was/were doing sth. when……
was/were doing
现在完成时
过去一直持续到现在的状态,现在已经完成的动作,强调对现在的结果及影响
时间状语:since,ever since,so far,up to now/until now,recetly,lately,already,yet,for+一段时间,over/during/in the last/past+时间段,特殊句型It's the first time that……从句(现完)
have/has done
过去完成时
过去的过去
时间状语:by then,by that time(+句子),by the end of……before+过去时间,特殊句型Hardly/Scarely/Barely had+主语+过分……when……,No sooner had+主语+过分……than……
had done
主谓一致
A of B中,A为主语,B为定语,谓语动词与A的单复数保持一致
主语中有all,half,most,the rest,majority,分数及百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词取决于连用的名词
非谓语
动词不定式
除谓语外,可做任何成分
宾语:区分一些动词分动名词与不定式的区别
定语:位于修饰的代词,名词,序数词之后
状语:一般是目的状语,也有原因状语,结果状语
分词
adj.或adv.的性质,做定表宾补状
现在分词和过去分词的区别
语态:现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动
时间关系:现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成
动名词
n.性质,做主宾表定
意义往往是表示某件事或动作
注意动名词作宾语的动词短语:of+doing,in+doing,to(介词)+doing
名词、形容词、副词
名词:1、普通名词的可数(个人(人或东西)、集体),不可数(物质、抽象)advice,information,news,equipment,weather,trade,space,fun。注意名词单数变复数的法则。常见后缀:-tion/sion/cation,-ment,-ness,-er/or/ar/ee/ist/ant/ian,-ity(-ty),-y,-cy,-al,-ence/ance,-th。
形容词;形容词变副词,形容词的比较级和最高级。常见后缀:-ful,-less,-able/ible,-ous,-al,-y,-ly,-ive
副词:副词含义,副词比较级和最高级
普通副词:actually,regularly,previously,fortunately,accidentally,exactly,interestingly,thankfully,specially,simply,generally,finally,suddenly,equally,traditionally,barely,excitedly,continuously,consistently,certainly,readily,officially,frequently,obviously,initially,unfortunately,unexpectedly,surprisingly,hopefully,particularly,namely,amazingly,personally,eventually,extremely,willingly,rarely,gradually,excitingly,constantly,commonly,probably,eagerly,recently,presently,currently,especially
逻辑含义副词:however,though,instead,therefore,besides,meanwhile,earlier,nevertheless,thus,moreover,furthermore,ago,later
无提示词
从句
定语从句
关系代词
先行词为人
who
whom
that
先行词是不定代词,有the only,the very修饰,有最高级,有序数词,既有人又有物时,必须用that
whose
先行词为物
which
非限,介词后面,先行词本身时that时只能用which
that
whose
as
非限中放哪儿都行,which指代整个句子时只能放后面
关系副词
when
where
why
先行词为the reason,做原因状
名词性从句
从属连词
that,whether/if,because:不充当成分,that不表意,whether是否,because因为
连接代词
what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whichever均表意
连接副词
whe,where,how,why作状语,均表意
解题要点
分为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句
析成分找主句
识从句,划类别
察成分,对应选,都不缺,that,whether/if
状语从句
让步:although,though,as(尽管),while,even if,whether……or,no matter+疑问词,疑问词+ever。时间:when,as,while,after,before,till(untill),since,as soon as,no sooner……than,the moment。地点:where,wherever。条件:if,unless,so(as) long as,in case(如果),provided,on condition that。原因:because,since,as,now that(既然)。结果:so(such)……that,so that。目的:so that,in case(万一),in order that,for fear that。比较:than,(not) so/as……as,the+比较级……。方式:just as,as if(though)。
as:prep.时加词、词组,不加句子,只能加非谓。conj.时,时间状语:随着;原因状语:because;定从:正如;倒装表让步:though尽管
while:时间状语:一段时间内进行时态;让步状语:although/though;比较状语:表对比
介词
方位介词:at,in,on,to,outside,under,by。时间介词:in,on,at(笼统到具体),during,for,by。方式、工具介词:by-ing、交通工具、水陆空状态、联系方式、固搭,in+语言,with+工具或五官,on,in。
重点关注:against,with,by,beyond