中学英文语法一般时态学习知识点笔记

中学英文语法一般时态学习知识点笔记，包括一般现在时态——并非表示现在、被遗忘了的一般过去时态、一般将来时态——预测、 计划和意愿等内容。

中学英文语法一般时态学习知识点笔记

• 一般现在时态---并非表示现在
  • 表示普遍的事实或真理
    • Water freezes at 32 Fahrenheit and boils at 212 Fahrenheit.
    • Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
    • The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
    • The world is round.
    • Knowledge is power.
  • 表示重复活动
    • 表示习惯的动作
      • He often goes to the gym.
      • I go to the gym twice a week.
      • He walks to school every day.
    • 表示习惯的状态
      • I like rice for dinner.
      • 这一用法通常和一些表示动作频率的时间副词连用
        • 表示肯定的频道副词有：
          • always
          • frequently
          • usually
          • sometimes
          • generally
          • occasionally
          • often
          • ...
        • 表示否定的频度副词有：
          • never
          • seldom
          • rarely
        • 表示频度的副词短语有：
          • once a week.
          • twice a year
          • on alternate days
            • 隔日
        • 这些副词一般放在否定助动词前，always除外
          • The history lectures sometimes aren't interesting.
          • His wife complains that he sometimes doesn't listen to her.
          • He doesn't always leave before 6 o'clock.Sometimes he works until 7 o'clock.
      • 例句
        • He is always late
        • He always goes to school by bike.
  • 用法比较：表示重复活动的一般现在时态和现在完成进行时态
    • 一般现在时是在泛泛地谈时间，并没有时间段的概念；而完成进行时表示 说话人的脑子里会有一个“到目前为止”的时间段概念，甚至是给出像"for about four years"这样一个明确的时间段
    • I swim 1,000 meters every afternoon. 我每天下午游1000米
    • I have been swimming 1,000 meters every afternoon. 到目前为止，我是每天下午游1000米。
  • 一般现在时态表示正在发生的动作
    • 一般现在时态用在以there和here开头的句子中，表示目前的短暂动作
      • Here comes your wife.
      • There goes our bus,we'll have to wait for the next one.
    • 表示现在瞬间的动作,这个瞬间动作时说话人在说话的同时即刻发生的。 比如：球赛解说、剧情介绍、解释自己正在做的事情、给别人一边说 一边做的示范动作等等
      • Michael passes to Clint.Clint to Jack,Jack back to Clint--and Clint shoots--and it's a goal!
      • The woman is a spy,now she enters the room,opens the drawer,takes out a pistol and slips it into her pocket.
      • I select an album,remove the record from its cover and put it on the turn table.
      • Watch carefully.First I pick up the receiver,dial the number I want,then drop the coin into the slot as required.
  • 一般现在时态表示将来发生的动作
    • 用在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中
      • 主要用在条件状语从句(if和unless)和时间状语从句(when,as soon as,before和after等)中，表示将来的动作
      • 例句：
        • Please let me know when he comes back.
        • What are you going to do when you leave school?
        • I'll be glad if she comes over to visit me.
        • I'll give the book to him as soon as I see him.
        • I will get everything ready before you come back.
        • 若从句的动作含有“意愿”的意思，则从句中可用will
          • If you will give me a hand with these books,I'll appreciate it.
          • If they will not accept a check,we shall have to pay in cash,though it would be much trouble for both sides.
          • If you will continue to fight,the victory will certainly be yours.
    • 在谈到未来的计划和时间安排表的时候，表示将来的动作
      • 此时句中的动词往往是表示短暂性动作的动词，如go,come,leave,start和move等等
      • 例句
        • The train starts at 2 o'clock.
        • We move next week.
        • They leave for Shanghai by train tomorrow evening.
    • 在从句中表示将来的动作，此时从句往往用了一个将来时
      • I will reward the person who finds my lost kitten.
      • I will give the booklet to whoever asks for it.
  • 一般现在时态表示过去发生的动作
    • 表示死者的理论、著作等
      • Francis Bacon says,"Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man."
    • 引用书刊、报纸、通知或新近接收到的信件的内容时
      • The newspaper reads,"The criminal who killed eight women has been executed."
      • The sign on the washing machine says,"Out of Order".
  • 一般现在时态指现在完成时
    • 在口语中，可用用一般现在时代指现在完成时。能这样使用的动词不多，通常有： hear,find,see,learn,tell和read等。
    • 例句：
      • I am(= have been)informed that you have been there. 有人告诉我，你到过那里。
      • I hear(=have heard)that he has left Beijing.
• 被遗忘了的一般过去时态
  • 基本用法一：过去发生的短暂动作或状态
    • 例句
      • I saw him in the library yesterday morning.
      • I began to learn English ten years ago.
      • I bought this computer three years ago.
      • He was late for school this morning.
      • I was tired last night,so I went to bed early.
  • 基本用法二：过去发生的重复或延续活动
    • 动作现在已结束
    • 例句：
      • I slept for eight hours last night.
      • She lived in our town for three years,but she is living in Beijing.
      • I lived in the country for ten years.
      • He used to do morning exercises.
      • I wrote a letter once a week to my family when I was in my first college year.
  • 用法比较：一般过去时和现在完成时用于“for+时间段”的区别
    • 一般过去时与"for+时间段"连用，表示动作在过去已经结束，并没有延续到现在； 而现在完成时与“for+时间段”连用，则表明动作延续到现在，并且还有可能延续下去。
    • She lived in our town for three years. 她在我们小镇生活过3年。
    • She has lived in our town for three years. 她在我们小镇已经生活了三年了。
  • 口语用法一：“我不知道”---“I don't know” or "I didn't know"?
    • A:Look,I'm sorry to bother you about this,but that music's really loud.
    • B:Sorry,I didn't realize you could hear it.
  • 口语用法二：“我忘记了”---“I forget” or "I forgot"?
    • 口语中无这种语境：I forget to do。。。
    • I am sorry I forgot to return your physics book last night.
    • 另外：
      • 我忘记还可以说成It slipped my mind...
      • A:Did you pick up my books from Ron's house? B:Sorry.It slipped my mind.
  • 口语用法三：“我以为”---“I think” or "I thought"?
    • I thought 我本来还以为。。。
      • A:I really thought that I'd wid the match. B:Oh,well,better luck next time,Henry.
    • I really think that I will win the match. 我真的很肯定我会赢得这场比赛。
  • 口语用法四：根据上下文的语境灵活地使用一般过去时
  • 口语用法五：礼貌表达
    • 在口语中，一般过去时（也可以用过去进行时）可以表示语气委婉，此时的过去时丝毫没有过去的意味。
    • 例句：
      • I wondered if you could help me. 我想知道你是否帮我。
      • Could you give me a hand?
      • I was wondering if you could possibly lend me your car for this evening.
• 一般将来时态---预测、计划和意愿
  • will 表示将来---预测
    • Will we travel to the stars?
    • Will we meet E.T.?
    • Will women still need men?
    • How hot will it get?
  • be going to 表示将来---预测
    • 例句：
      • Look at those clouds!It's going to rain.
      • It's not going to snow again tomorrow,is it?It was supposed to be warm all week.
    • 表示“预测”时，be going to比will有更多的证据支持，而且事件发生的时间更近
      • 例句：
      • 另外：be going to往往表示当前已有迹象表明说话者无力控制的即将发生的行为。
    • 表示“预测”时，will语气比be going to显得正式
  • be going to 表示“计划”与will表示“意愿”
    • be going to 表示计划，需要用“人”作主语
      • Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain.这里做"推测"
      • Look at the time.I'm going to miss my bus.
    • be going to 可以表示“决心”，具有强烈的感情色彩
      • You're gonna be sorry!You're gonna be so sorry! 你一定会后悔的，我绝不饶了你！
    • will表示“意愿”，一个当机立断的决定
      • 就是说没有事先计划的
        • A:The telephone is ringing. B:I'll get it.
    • 比较：will表示"意愿"和be going to表示"意愿"
      • • Husband:There isn't any milk left in the fridge. Wife:I'll buy some after work.
      • • I have bought a computer and I'm going to learn the computer science.
  • 现在进行时表示将来
    • 现在进行时可以表示对最近的将来做出计划或安排。
      • I'm flying to Beijing next Monday. (机票已经买好)下周一我要飞往北京。
    • 必须带有表示将来的时间状语
    • 必须是人称主语
      • It's raining tomorrow.
    • 与一般现在时表示将来的区别
      • 一般现在时要比现在进行时听起来更正式，个人主观色彩要淡些。
      • 如果是一系列预定的将来的安排，则一般时态比较简洁
    • 用be going to表示计划与进行时态表示的计划区别
  • 一般现在时表示将来
  • 其他表示将来的句型结构
    • be to do
      • 1、表示已安排好要在将来发生的事，是比较正式的用法
        • They are to go on a strike on July 8th. 他们定于7月8日举行罢工。
        • She is to be married next month.
        • The Premier is to visit Australia next month.
      • 2、表示强烈的命令，相当于must,should，如：父母对孩子，上级对下级或法律条文中的规定等。
        • You are to finish your homework before you go to play.
        • The form is to be filled out in ink and returned this week.
    • be about to do
      • 这一结构表示即将发生的动作，意思是“正要，马上就要”
        • The train is about to leave.
        • Jack is holding a fly swatter and staring at a fly on the kitchen table.He is about to swat the fly.
    • be on the point/verge/brink/eve of doing
      • 这一结构和be about to do差不多，但其发生的时间比be about to do还要快一些。
        • He was on the point of killing himself when she stepped into his room.
        • The child was on the verge of laughing,but he held back.