定语从句核心考点

定语从句核心考点知识梳理，适用于高中英语，高一难度，很详细的，希望能帮到大家哟~

定语从句

• 定语
  • 修饰名词或代词的成分
  • 可由名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语或句子来充当
• 三大要素
  • 定义
    • 修饰名词或代词的从句
  • 先行词
    • 被定从所修饰的成分
  • 关系词
    • 引导定从的连词
      • 三大功能
        • 引导定从
        • 代替先行词
        • 在定从中充当一定成分
      • 两大分类
        • 关系代词（作主宾定）
          • who
            • 指人，作主、宾
          • whom
            • 指人，作宾
          • whose
            • 指人或物的所有，作定
              • the + 名词+of + whom (which) 的结构= whose + 名词
          • that
            • 指人或物，作主、宾
          • which
            • 指物，作主、宾
          • as
            • 当先行词被the same, such, so或as修饰时，不可省
            • the same as…、the same that…引导的定从
              • The same as
                • 从句内容与先行词关系：同类不同物
                  • 翻译：像……一样
                • Mr.Darcy is the same man as I love.
                  • 我喜欢的人，是像达西先生一样的男人
              • The same that
                • 从句内容与先行词关系：同类同物
                  • 翻译：正是……
                • Mr.Darcy is the same man that I love.
                  • 我喜欢的人，正是达西先生
        • 关系副词（作状语）
          • when
            • 指时间
          • where
            • 指地点
              • 注意常见的抽象地点名词，如：case, point, situation, environment，position，circumstance, activity, job, stage, state等。
          • why
            • 指原因
              • 先行词一般是reason
• 分类
  • 限制性
    • (1).形式上：不用逗号“，”，也不能与主句隔开。
    • (2).意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
    • (3).译法上：译成先行词的定语：“......的”。
    • (4).关系词的使用上：A.作宾语时可省略 B.可用that C.可用who 代替whom
  • 非限制性
    • (1).形式上：用逗号“，”，与主句隔开。
    • (2).意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如果去掉，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
    • (3).译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。
    • (4).关系词的使用上：A.不可省略 B.不用that C.不可用who 代替whom
    • as、which引导非限制性定从
      • 位置
        • As引导：位置随便放
          • As we all know,man struggles upwards,and water flows downwards.
          • David, as you know, is a photographer.
        • Which引导：放在所修饰词的后面
          • Man struggles upwards and water flows downwards, which is known to us all.
      • 动词
        • As +be 动词
          • As is known to United States,Mark Twain is a great writer.
          • He didn't say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange.
        • which+任何动词
          • Li Ming was late, which made Mr. Zhang very angry.
      • 含义
        • as表示“正如”，有意料之内的意思
          • As was expected, Tom failed.（不能用which）
        • which不受此限制；表示“这（事儿，一点儿）”，=and this/that/it
          • He married her, which(=and this) was unexpected.
      • as的固定搭配
        • as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。
  • 特殊情况
    • 介词+关系代词引导的定从
      • 为何有“介词+关系代词”引导的定从？
        • 关系副词在从句中作状语，可用“介词+关系代词”代替“关系副词”
          • This is the city where I have lived for 20 years.
          • This is the city in which I have lived for 20 years.
        • 从句的谓语，是固定搭配“动词+介词”，先行词在从句中作宾语
          • This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.
        • 用于表达与上文中的先行词/句子的关系
          • Playing basketball is a beneficial exercise from which we can obtain many advantage.
      • 代词的选择
        • 修饰人
          • Whom
        • 修饰物
          • Which
        • Whose 用关系代词替换
          • Of whom/which
      • 介词的选择
        • 动词搭配介词，判断动介与先行词的关系
          • The girl for whom he had fought 2 years no longer important to him.
            • Fight for sb .为…斗争
          • I have bought many things on which I spent most of my money that I saved.
            • Spend money on sth.在…上花费金钱
        • 动词与先行词关系
          • This is the roof on which people often enjoy the moon.
            • Enjoy on the roof
        • 形容词+介词与先行词关系
          • English is the subject in which every student is interested.
            • Be interested in sth
        • 先行词与句子的意思
          • The colorless gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.
    • which vs that
      • 只用which
        • 引导非限制性定从
        • 放在介词后作宾语
          • The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.
          • She had only the long nights in which he could study.
      • 只用that
        • 先行词是不定代词
          • much、little 、none 、all 、few 、everything、the one等
          • I did nothing that might hurt you.
        • 先行词被这些词修饰
          • any、 few、 little 、no 、all 、much 、some
          • You can take any seats that is free.
        • 先行词被限定词修饰
          • The only 、The same 、The very（正好）
          • This is the very film that has been shown this term.
        • 先行词被序数词/形容词最高级修饰
          • This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read.
        • 先行词同时有人、物
          • She likes taking pictures of those people and things that she is interested in.
    • who vs that
      • 只用who
        • 先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。
          • One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
          • The ones who flatter me don’t please me.
          • Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.
        • 先行词是those时，宜用who。
          • No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake.
    • the way
      • 作方式状语时，用that/in which/省略
        • What surprised me was not what he said but the way in which/that/省略 he said it.
      • 作主语或宾语时，用that/which
        • We all don't like the way that/which/省略 he used before.
    • one of
      • 先行词有one of 修饰时从句谓语动词用复数
        • This is one of the best novels that were published last year.
      • 用the only one of才用单数
        • This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.
      • 考点：定语从句中的谓语动词必须和先行词的数保持一致。
• 应用
  • 语法填空
    • 第一步：找出定从
    • 第二步：确定先行词
      • 定从的先行词，可能不是离它最近的名词（短语）
      • 划分句子结构、读懂句子、确定先行词
    • 第三步：分析定从成分，判断用关代、关副或“介词+关代“
  • 翻译
    • 灵活使用限定从or非限定从
  • 长难句（阅读）
    • 第一步：划出连接词（关系词），确定定从
    • 第二步：先忽略定从，理解主句含义
    • 第三步：再带入定从，重新理解整句话
  • 作文
    • 只要句中有名词（短语），就试着加定语，增强文章文采性；根据具体情况，适当应用定语从句。