虚拟语气

这是一篇关于虚拟语气的思维导图，包括：虚拟语气的结构、虚拟语气中比较特殊的结构:省略if结构、错综虚拟结构。

虚拟语气

• 虚拟语气一般由条件状语从句和主句构成。根据从句和主句谓语动词形式的不同，虚拟语气可以被分为现在的虚拟、对过去的虚拟以及对将来的虚拟三种情况
  • 对现在的虚拟，是在陈述与现在事实相反的情况
    • • 从句谓语动词：过去式（其中，be动词统一变为were）
      • 主句谓语动词：would / should / could / might do
    • eg.If I were a billionaire, I would be traveling around the world now.
    • eg.If you got your driving license, dad would buy you a car.
    • eg.If I were you, I would not do that again.
  • 对过去的虚拟，是在陈述与过去事实相反的情况
    • • 从句谓语动词：had done
      • 主句谓语动词：would / should / could / might have done
    • eg.If she had finished her part of the task on time, her colleagues would have had a happy weekend.
    • eg.If I had worked hard enough, I could have got what I wanted.
    • eg.If we had done it in a better way, things would have been different.
  • 对未来的虚拟，是在陈述与未来说话人预测的事实相反的情况
    • • 从句谓语动词：did、should do、were to do
      • 主句谓语动词：would / should / could / might do
    • eg.If I won / should win / were to win the game tomorrow, I would host a party and invite you all to it.
    • eg.If he were / should be / were to be the boss of our company after next Friday’s competition, I might be made to resign.
    • eg.If it rained / should rain/ were to rain tomorrow, the meeting should be put off.
• 虚拟语气中比较特殊的结构：省略if 结构
  • 在虚拟语气中，if引导的条件从句的谓语部分会出现should、had、were。如果出现了这种情况，我们可以省略if，把should、had、were提到主语前面，使从句成为省略if的部分倒装结构
  • should提前：
    • Should she be my teacher, I would have to exert myself in the rest of this term.(还原：If she should be my teacher, I would have to exert myself in the rest of this term.)
    • Should Shawn hold his party tomorrow, I would have to tell my mom I won’t get back home for dinner.(还原：If Shawn should hold his party tomorrow, I would have to tell my mom I won’t get back home for dinner.)
  • had提前：
    • Had I chosen the iChuXin’s lessons, I would have been a postgraduate.(还原：If I had chosen the iChuXin’s lessons, I would have been a postgraduate.)
    • Had you gone to school last night, you wouldn’t have missed the chance to meet Shawn. (还原：If you had gone to school last night, you wouldn’t have missed the chance to meet Shawn.)
  • were提前：
    • Were he my boyfriend, I would have broken up with him.还原：If he were my boyfriend, I would have broken up with him.)
    • Were I 50 years younger, I would go to gym with you.(还原：If I were 50 years younger, I would go to gym with you.)
• 错综虚拟结构
  • 从句与主句各自虚拟的事件发生时间不同的情况，即错综时空,这是我们只需要根据从句与主句各自所在时空进行谓语动词的变换即可
  • If I had taken your advice, I wouldn't be in such a mess now.如果我当时听了你的意见的话，心情就不会像现在这般混乱不堪了。（从句对过去做虚拟，事实上我当时没听；主句对现在做虚拟，事实上心情很混乱。）
  • If he exerted himself now, he would be admitted into university one day.如果他现在拼尽全力的话，以后会考上大学的。（从句对现在做虚拟，如果他现在拼尽全力；主句对未来做虚拟，那么他以后就可能考上大学。）
  • If you had set off yesterday, you should be arrived tomorrow.如果你昨天就出发了的话，明天就应该到了。（从句对过去做虚拟，事实上昨天并没有出发；主句对未来做虚拟，如果昨天出发了，明天就能到。）
  • If I were you, I wouldn’t have said those words to Shawn at yesterday’s party.如果我是你，我不会在昨天的派对上对肖恩说那些话。（从句对现在做虚拟，事实上我不是你；主句对过去做虚拟，如果当时是我的话，我就不会对肖恩说那些话。）
  • Had I chosen the iChuXin’s lessons, I would be a postgraduate now.如果我当初选择了爱初心的课程的话，那么我现在就是研究生了。 （从句对过去做虚拟，事实上没选择；主句对现在做虚拟，我现在不是研究生。）
  • If you had fully understood the subjunctive mood in the conditional sentences of mixed time, you would not be subject to a graduate school transfer now.如果你当时彻底弄明白了错综虚拟语气，那么你现在就不用接受院校调剂了。 （从句对过去做虚拟，事实上过去没懂；主句对现在做虚拟，事实上现在接受了调剂。）