英语 反义疑问句

这是一篇关于英语 反义疑问句的思维导图，包括：1个规则、2种否定、3种l、4种主语、5种句型、6种情态动词。

反义疑问句

• 1个规则
  • 前肯后否，前否后肯
    • 结构
      • 陈述句……，be/情/助(not)+主语？
  • 回答同一般疑问句的回答
• 2种否定
  • 前面的陈述句除了最常见的not表否定外，还有两种
  • 易混淆情况
    • 表示否定的前缀或者后缀 陈述句依旧看作肯定句 后接否定
      • 指示词
        • 前缀
          • ir/il-，un-/non-，a（b）-/mal-/ill-，anti-/counte-：，under-
        • 后缀
          • -less/-free/-proof
      • 例句
        • It's impossible, isn't it?
  • 表否定的其他副词 后接肯定句
    • 指示词
      • hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,few,little,no,never
    • 例句
      • She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?
  • 用表否定的不定代词 后接肯定句
    • 指示词
      • nothing,nobody,none,no one
    • 例句
      • Nothing has happened, has it?
• 3种I
  • 主系表型 （主语+系动词+表语）
    • I'm a good teacher, aren't I?
      • am not没有缩写的形式
  • 表请求型
    • I wish to go, may I? 我想走，可以吗？
      • 如果don't I?，就变成“我不是这么想的吗？”
  • 表观点型
    • 做这类题根据意思揣摩，并不是对主语进行疑问，而是对观点进行疑问
    • I think he is clever, isn't he?（想表达的是，他聪明，不是么？）
      • 注：主句的时态为一般现在时
    • I don't think she is beautiful,is she ?(想表达的是，她不漂亮，是么？）
    • 与I think用法相同的词还有： believe/suppose/imagine/expect/suspect/guess或I'm sure/afraid
• 4种主语
  • 陈述句主语是表人的不定代词
    • 指示词
      • everyone/everybody, someone/somebody, no one/nobody, none
    • 一般问句主语通常用they，也可用he
      • Nobody was there, was he/were they?
    • one作主语，问句用one或you
      • One can't be too careful, can one/you?
  • 陈述句主语是表物的不定代词
    • 指示词
      • everything, anything, something, nothing
    • 问句主语用it
      • Nothing has been taken away, has it?
  • 陈述句主语是指示代词
    • 指示词
      • this/that， these/those
    • this/that, 问句主语用it these/those, 问句主语用they
      • This is a desk, isn't it?
  • 陈述句主语是不定式,动名词，或名词性从句
    • 问句主语用it
      • To learn/Learning English well is important, isn't it?
      • What he said is true, isn't it?
• 5种句型
  • 倒装句
    • There are many books to read, aren't there?
  • 祈使句
    • 肯定祈使句
      • 一般用shall，will
        • would you?或wouldn't you？是will you?和won't you?的委婉形式
        • Pass me the book，will you?
      • 表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”,用 won't you?
        • 说话人期待一个肯定的回答
        • Drive carefully,won't you?开车要小心些，好吗?
        • Have a cup of coffee，won't you?喝杯咖啡，好么？
    • 否定祈使句
      • 问句只能用will you
        • Don't open the door, will you?
    • LET型祈使句
      • Let's
        • 表建议，us 包括在内，表达说话人和说话对象一起
        • 问句用shall we或shan't we
          • Let's have a cup of tea,shall we(shan't we). 例句，A对B说这句，表示含B在内的所有人一起和咖啡，是提意
      • Let us
        • 表请求，us 不包括在内，这里let相当于allow 请求说话对象准许说话人和其他人一起
        • 问句用will you或won't you
          • Let me have a rest,will you(won't you).让我们休息下，好么 例如，A对B说这句，表示A和其他人要休息，是请求，想要B同意
  • 感叹句
    • 问句用否定和一般现在时 主语取决于感叹的对象并用相应代词
      • What a sunny day， isn't it?
        • 因为省略的是it is,What a sunny day it is！
      • How quickly the boy runs, doesn't he?
  • 并列复合句
    • 就近原则
    • 提示词
      • and,but, or, for, so或由句号或逗号隔开的句子
    • 根据连词后的内容进行反问
      • We must learn English well or we can't adjust to the new era, can we?
      • John isn't a diligent student,for it is the third time he has been late,Isn't it?
  • 主从复合句的反义疑问句 (主句+从属连词+从句)
    • 特殊情况: 表观点型的除外
    • 通常对主句反问
      • I told him it was not that easy, didn't I? 我告诉过他没那么简单，我没说过吗？反问的是我有没有说过
• 6种情态动词
  • 一些特殊谓语的陈述句后跟反义疑问句
    • 实义动词与助动词
      • have/has/had
        • I have a dream,don't i?(实义动词）
        • I have finished the project,hasn't she?(助动词）
    • 情态动词与实义动词
      • must表推测
      • must表必须
        • 后否 need't +主？
        • 后肯 must/may+主？
    • 'd rather=would rather wouldn't+主
    • 's done(is done与has done)
      • isn't+主/hasn't+主
    • needn't need/must+主
    • I wish may I?
  • 1个当作实义动词
    • have to
      • 问句用do（does/did）代替have
        • She had to give up the plan, didn't she?
  • 2个实义&情助
    • need和dare
      • 作实义动词时，问句用do相应形式 (加名词代词或to do 及 doing时)
        • He doesn't need to say sorry to me, doesn't he?
      • 作情态动词时，问句重复此词
        • He needn't say sorry to me, need he?
  • 3个当作情态助动词
    • 'better=had better hadn't+主
      • We'd better not tell him, had/should we?
    • ought to=should oughtn't/shouldn't+主
      • Such things ought not to be allowed, ought/should they?
    • used to do sth didn't/usedn't+主
      • He used to drink a lot every day, didn't/usedn't he?
  • must的4种用法
    • 对现在事实的肯定推测 must do/be/have
      • 反义疑问句与must 无关 看must之后的动词
        • He must work harder than before，doesn't he?
        • She must be from China,isn't she?
        • He must have another account, doesn't/hasn't he?
    • 对过去事实的肯定推测 must have done
      • 当陈述句后含有过去的时间状语 问句用did提问，强调动作完成
        • He must have finished the work last night,didn't he ?
      • 当陈述句后没有过去的时间状语 问句用has/have提问，强调推测
        • He must have finished the work,hasn't he?
    • “必须”的意思
      • 问句用must提问
        • You must work hard next term, mustn't you?你下学期必须努力，不是么？
        • You mustn't stop your car here, must you?你禁止在这里停车，是么？
    • “有必要”的意思
      • 问句用needn't提问
        • They must finish the work today, needn't they?他们今天要完成这项工作，不是么？
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