万兴脑图英文时态进行时态课程教案思维导图
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英文时态进行时态课程教案思维导图
现在进行时--不一定正在进行
用法一：说话时刻正在进行的动作
Please don't make so much noise.I am studying.I can't concentrate.
Someone is knocking at the door.Can you answer it?
A:May I speak to Clint? B:No,sorry.He is not available now.He is talking on another phone.
用法二：在目前一段时期内持续的一种暂时的情况
例句：
Long hair is really in right now.So I'm letting my hair grow.
I'm taking the bus to work this week,because my car is in the garage.
I am not teaching English this month.I am working on a special project.
以上例句中的进行时态都是表示现阶段在延续的一般活动，而不是正在发生的活动。但它们也并不是 恒久的或是规律性的活动，否则就是一般现在时态了。
用法三：用于表示“改变”的动词，强调“逐渐变化”的过程
常见表示“改变”的词：
change
come
get
become
grow
deteriorate
例句：
It's getting dark.
Mom is getting old.
His health is deteriorating.
I need a vacation.I'm getting burned-out from working too much.
I would rather read than watch TV.The program is getting worse and worse.
综上所述，现在进行时态的意义总是与现在的时间有关，不是表示现在时刻在进行的动作就是表示现阶段持续的动作。
用法四：用于强烈的感情色彩的表达
我们催促别人时常这么说：
What are we waiting for then?Let's get started. 妙语点睛：这里用进行时态表示自己的不耐烦。
我们生气时可以这么说：
I'm not having this conversation with you. 我不跟你说了。
表示说话人的怀疑和惊讶
You're not asking me to marry you,are you?
You're not backing out of our date,are you? 你该不是不想和我约会吧？
表示愤怒
The bank is only paying me 3 percent interest on my money. 这银行才付给我3%的利息！
You are asking too much!
用法五：表示将来确定的安排
例句：
A:What are you doing on Saturday night? B:I'm doing some shopping with Jane.
Frank and Jenny are getting married?I didn't even know they were going together. 这里的进行时态表示结婚日期已经确定。
Frank and Jenny are going to get married. 打算结婚，并没有确定将来具体的日期。
用法六：与always等连用，表示多次重复，且含有感情色彩
常用词：
always
forever
continually
constantly
例句：
Scott is very generous.He's always giving his friends gifts and inviting them out for meals.
Although Steve is a teacher,in a sense he is a student as well.He is always learning things from his students.
He's always pulling my leg.He likes joking me.
He's continually asking me for money.
My wife is forever looking for her keys.
How come Joe is always groaning about things.
过去进行时--回顾过去讲故事
常见用法：用来设置故事的背景
It was getting darker.The rain was beating on the window.The wind was rising.A wood fire was burning on the hearth,and a cat was sleeping in front of it.A girl was playing the piano and was singing softly to herself.
文学作品中常见，长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时
动作长短的相对性及其与时态的关系
I was watching TV when the telephone rang.
I was walking past the car when it exploded.
比较
I was telephoning Harry when she arrived. 她到的时候我正在给哈里打电话。
I telephoned Harry when she arrived. 她到了之后，我再给哈里打电话。
when和while的区别
when的后面接短动作，用一般过去时，或者接长动作，用过去进行时。 while的后面只接长动作，用过去进行时。
例句
I was walking past the car when it exploded.
The car exploded when I was walking past it.
The car exploded while I was walking past it.
I was walking past the car while it exploded.
少见用法：两个过去同时在持续的动作
分不出哪个动作先发生
While I was studying in my dorm,my roommates were talking loudly with their friends.
While I was studying last night,my wife was watching TV.
典型用法：描述一个过去的特定时刻正在发生的事情
例句：
I was discussing my thesis with my director at this time last night. 我昨晚的这个时候正在和我的导师讨论我的论文。
A:Where were you last night? B:I was reading in the library.
It was raining hard,but no one stopped working.
口语用法：表示委婉的请求或提建议
这时并不表示过去时间的动作。
这尤其适用于表示态度的动词，如wonder,hope和think等，这些动词用过去进行时或现在进行时 ，均表示现在的一种愿望或态度，给人一种探询似的、犹豫不决地印象，因而显得更礼貌。
较礼貌
I was wondering if you'd like to lend me your car.
I was wondering if you could lend me your car.
I was hoping that you'd like to lend me your car.
I was thinking that you'd like to lend me your car.
欠礼貌
I hope to borrow your car.
I wonder if you can lend me your car.
将来进行时--想象未来
典型用法：将来某一特定时刻正在持续的事情
想象未来正在干某事
Don't telephone me after eight tomorrow--I'll be having a meeting.
Wait until seven o'clock so that they won't still be eating.
By this time next year,I will be writing my thesis.
口语用法：将来计划好的事情
Professor Smith is giving/will be giving a lecture on American leterature tomorrow evening.
He is taking/will be taking a makeup test next week. 他下星期要参加补考。
小区别：
现在进行时只表示最近的将来；而将来进行时既可以表示最近的将来，也可表示较远的将来。
I am meeting him tomorrow.
I will be meeting him tomorrow/next year.
现在进行时表示最近将来的动作时，必须有确定的表示将来的时间状语；而将来进行时则没有这种限制
He's working in this room next Monday.
He'll be working in this room.
少见用法：表示背景动作--提供另外一个短动作发生的事件背景
They probably will be watching TV when we get there.
Will your friends be waiting for you at the airport when you arrive?
What do you think she'll be doing when we get there.
难点用法1：用在疑问句中，表示客气的询问
Will you be staying in this evening? 今晚你别出去了，好吗？
Will you stay in this evening? 今晚你不要再出门了行不行？！
难点用法2：用来表示客观的将来，以避免与表示“意愿”的will do混淆
Mary won't be paying this bill. 我想玛丽不会付账的。
Mary won't pay this bill. 玛丽不愿意付账，她拒绝付账。
难点：深入分析进行时的思维特征
进行时态的核心含义
核心意义：
持续性
短暂性
未完成
进行体动作与一般动作对比
活动与状态的对比
I am thinking about the answer. 表示思考活动
I think it is 144. 表示思维状态。
发生在说话那一刻的一个动作与一个习惯的对比
Why are you wearing glasses? 你怎么戴着眼镜啊？
Why do you wear glasses? 你为什么习惯戴眼镜？
具体事件与概括描述得对比
Weeds are growing like wildfire(in my garden).
Weeds grow like wildfire.
短暂事件与长期的状态的对比
Joan is singing well.
Joan sings well.
未完成与完成对比
He was drowning in the lake,so the lifeguard raced into the water. 他当时在湖里溺水了，于是一名救生员立即跳进水里把他救了起来。
He drowned in the lake.
事件可变化与不变化的对比
He was calling Mary when I came in.
He called Mary when I came in.
不适于用进行体的情形
不用进行时谈不能在同一时间做不同的事情
I am painting the room and cooking dinner.
I am painting the room and after that I will cook dinner.
不用进行时谈活动的次数
I was ringing the bell six times.
I rang the bell six times.
进行时态与动词体
静态动词
感觉感官
smell/see/hear/taste/fell...
心理知觉
know/believe/imagine/want/realize/remember/forget/recognize/think/understand/mean/doubt...
所属关系
possess/have/lack/own/belong/owe/bear...
情感、态度、观点
like/love/care/envy/fear/mind/hate/dislike/want/ddesire/need/prefer/appreciate/doubt/feel/wish...
度量
equal/measure/weigh/cost...
相互关系
contain/entail/consist of/include
描述
be/resemble/sound/appear/seem/look
静态动词与变化无关，描述的是一个稳定的状态
We understand the questions.
We like our English class.
短暂动词
短暂动词往往表示一个不能持续的或持续时间极短的动作，往往与时间点有联系。比如kick/hit和smash等。
例句：
He kicked the ball.
It hit the window.
And it smashed the glass.
延续动词
表示一个可以持续的活动或过程。比如run/swim/walk/work/write/become/change/grow/learn...
延续状态、短暂动作与延续动作
短暂动词常与一个场景的改变有联系，而延续动词则是一个场景的维持不变相关。
go to bed
短暂动词，便是一个状态的改变---人从床下到床上。然后我们就“睡着”了；
fall asleep
短暂动词
sleep be asleep
这两个都是延续状态，是一个状态的维持---一直睡着的状态。
wake up
短暂动作
be awake
这是一个延续状态
get up
短暂动作
be up
延续动作---人一直在床下活动了，从而新的一天开始了。
延续动词与进行时态
短暂动词与进行时态
有重复的意思
例句：
He is nodding his head in agreement. 他不断点头表示同意。
Henry is kicking the soccer ball around the backyard.
Someone is coughing. 有人在咳嗽
表示开始
Joe is realizing his mistakes. 乔开始意识到自己的错误。
特殊含义
I am starting the car. 我正在发动汽车
静态动词与进行时态
施动与被动
谓语动词是主语有意识发出的，此时谓语一般可以用进行时态
taste
系动词，表示某种事物“尝起来”怎么样，不能用于进行时态
表示结果的及物动词，指尝到味道，不是主语有意思发出的动作，不能用于进行时态
表示过程的及物动词，指品尝，能用于进行时态
例句：
The chef is tasting the soup.
And it tastes good.
I taste ginger in these spring rolls. 在这些春卷里，我尝到了生姜的味道。
smell
系动词，表示某种事物“闻起来”怎么样，不能用于进行时态
表示结果的及物动词，指闻到味道，不是主语有意思发出的动作，不能用于进行时态
表示过程的及物动词，指“闻”，能用于进行时态
例句：
He is smelling the chicken.
And it smells nice.
I smell something burning in the kitchen.
视觉
系动词look，表示某种事物“看起来”怎么样，不能用于进行时态
表示结果的及物动词see，指看到，不是主语有意思发出的动作，不能用于进行时态
表示过程的及物动词look，指“看”，能用于进行时态
例句：
I am looking at the picture.
It looks beautiful.
I see the picture.
听觉
系动词sound，表示某种事物“听起来”怎么样，不能用于进行时态
表示结果的及物动词hear，指“听见”，不是主语有意思发出的动作，不能用于进行时态
表示过程的及物动词listen，指“听”，能用于进行时态
例句：
I am listening to the music.
It sounds nice.
I hear the music.
其他例句：
I am seeing my doctor tomorrow. 我约好了明天去看医生。
I see what you mean.
The doctor was feeling her pulse. 医生正在给她号脉。
I feel we shouldn't do it.
特殊含义总结
加强动词所表达的感情
I'm loving it. 我就喜欢
I'm hatting this assignment. 我讨厌死这项任务了。
通过强调随时间的流逝而发生的程度上的变化，来表明状态的变化。
I'm understanding less and less about life,the older I get. 我年龄越大，对生活越发不能理解了。
I'm understanding more about quantum mechanics as each day goes by. 我对量子力学的理解与日俱增。
强调有意识的参与
What we are seeing is a red dwarf star. 我们现在看到的是一颗红矮星。
表明生动性
One night in the middle of the night,I'm hearing dripping. 在一天半夜里，我在听滴水声。
使批评变得缓和
I like the first piano notes,but I'm not liking where the strings come in. 我喜欢前面的钢琴曲，后来的弦乐我不喜欢。
与一般性描述不同，进行时态表示当前的行为。
He's being rude. 他现在的样子显得很粗鲁。
He's rude. 他这人一向很粗鲁。
延续状态(be+adj)与进行时态
情态形容词,是指某一事物所具有的长时期内难以自然改变的性质特征或状态。 如：tall/red/long/big/beautiful/important...
不能用于进行时态
动词形容词,是指某一事物或现象所具有的随时可以被改变的性质特征或状态. 如：brave,calm,careful,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,friendly,funny,impatient,lazy, kind,naughty...
可用于进行时态
例句：
Fred is beging silly.
Fred is silly.