导图社区 英语完成时态知识点大纲笔记总结思维导图
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英语完成时态知识点大纲笔记总结思维导图
英语完成时态知识点大纲笔记梳理，内容涵盖业务连续性规划要求，完成时态的构成，完成时态的意义，延续事件，重复事件。过去完成时，将来完成时的知识点。
编辑于2023-02-21 22:49:11 广东- 完成时态
- 英语完成时态
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英语完成时态知识点大纲笔记总结思维导图
完成时态的构成
Past or present+（will）+have+-ed+verb
现在完成时
have worked
过去完成时
had worked
将来完成时
will have worked
完成时态的意义
总结
现在完成时就是站在"现在"回顾“过去”
过去完成时就是站在“过去”回顾“更远的过去”
将来完成时就是站在未来的时间角度回顾在此之前发生的事件
延续事件
过去的事件“延续”到现在
例句：
We have been in love for eight years and we are getting married next month. 我们恋爱有八年了，下个月就要结婚了。
I have learned English for ten years now,but I still can't speak it well.
“延续事件”与时间状语的关系
谓词要表示“延续”
短暂动词可以用于现在完成时态，但不能和延续性的时间状语连用
例句：
I have fallen in love for eight years.
I have fallen in love.
要与“延续性时间状语”连用
since+时间点或从句
Since time began,man has lived in fear of fire. 自古以来，人们就害怕发生火灾
for+时间段
Great changes have taken place in Beijing for the past few years.
到目前为止，迄今为止
until now,up until now,up to now,up till now和so for等
Until now you've stayed away from the people you knew in prison. 到现在为止，你一直避着在狱中认识的那些人。
在最近几个/年/月以来
in the past few years,over the past few years,during the last three months,for the last few centuries,through centuries和throughout history等
Throughout history men have waged war. 自有历史以来就有战争。
没有延续性的时间状语，则表示一个“完成了”的动作
I have been a school teacher for 28 years now. 我当老师到现在有28年了。
I have been a school teacher. 我曾经当过老师。
重复事件
过去的事件“重复”到现在
所谓“重复事件”,就是表示站在现在的角度回顾到目前为止的一个时间段内，某一活动 或事件重复发生多次。
I've been in Canada for six months.I've met many new friends.
重复事件与时间状语的的关系
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时具有“将来可重复性”，而一般过去时不具备。
可重复原则是现在完成时态的一条根本原则
His father has been dead for three years.
His father has been dead.
His father is dead.
His father has died.---刚刚去世
可重复性原则与将来的时间有关
例句
How many people have entered for the race(so far)? 到目前为止，有多少人报名参加了这个比赛？
How many people entered for the race? 有多少人报名参加了那次比赛？
可重复性原则和过去时间
确定的过去时间不能用于现在完成时
例句
I was absent four times last semester.
I have been absent twice this semseter.
可重复性原则与现在时间
today/this week/this year...
例句
I haven't seen him this morning. 今天上午到现在我还一直没有见到他。
I didn't see him this morning. 我今天上午没有见到他。
I have made five phone calls today.
I made five phone calls today.
可重复性原则与一般时间
出现具体时间
例句
I have gotten up at five o'clock this morning.
I have gotten up at five o'clock in the morning.
I have gone swimming at 12 at midnight.
I have gone suimming at 12 last night.
可重复性原则与地点表达
地点有时能说明时间
例句
In my hometown,I had five jobs.
In this city,I have had two jobs.
可重复性原则与死人情况
例句
Marilyn Monroe starred in many movies.She died in 1962.
Julia Roberts has starred in many American movies.
单一事件
何谓“对现在有影响”
须结合语境
例子
I saw a movie.
I have seen the movie.
比如有人邀请你看电影，而你看过了不想再去，就这么回答
何谓“过去事件”
表示到目前为止的过去任何某一时间点发生的事件。
必须结合语境理解
例句
I have cleaned the car.
近的过去
我已经把车洗干净了。
I have cleaned the car.So it's ready for tomorrow.
远的过去
我曾经洗过汽车。
A:You've never cleaned the car yourself.You've always paid someone to do it. B:That's not true.I have cleaned the car,you know,Several times.
新闻热点--近的过去
所造成的现在结果往往是直接具体或依然清晰可见的
例句：
A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer.If this is the first time you've seen this stop error screen,restart your computer.If this screen appears again,follow these steps. 电脑蓝屏屏幕提示语，有趣吧。
Who's taken my dictionary?It isn't on my desk.
Someone has broken the window.
The car has arrived.
具有最新热点新闻的效果
完成时态常常用来提供最新消息。比如某个名人刚刚去世。
例句
Saddam Hussein has been captured alive in his hometown of Tikrit,The U.S.military said Sunday Dec.14,2003.
I hear the famous Chinese comedian has died.
The President has been assassinated. 总统被暗杀了。
John F.Kennedy was assassinated. 旧闻了，离现在比较远了，就要改用过去时。
完成时提起话题，过去时继续详谈内容。
A:The former Iraqi President Saddam has been captured. B:Really?When did that happen? A:He was captured Saturday at 8:30 p.m.in a cellar on an isolated farm near Tikrit.
过去的经历--远的过去
表示过去经历的现在完成时
Have you ever called in sick at work when not ill?
时态搭配一：现在完成时+一般过去时
A：Have you seen the film Forrest Gump? (询问对方过去的经历) B：Yes,I have.(现在知道电影的内容) A：When did you see it?(关心看电影的过去的具体时间) B：I saw it last spring.(给出具体时间) A：Did you see it alone?(询问当时的情况) B：No,I saw it with my boyfriend.(提供过去的情况)
时态搭配二：一般过去时+现在完成时
用一般过去时讲述自己过去的经历，然后用现在完成时探询对方是否有相似的经历，以期望获得更多的理解和共鸣。
John:We went down into Juarez and through El Paso,and oh,we had a ball. Louise:Really? John:Yeah.Have you ever been t-have you ever heard of Juarez? Louise:I've heard of both of them because my girlfriend's old boyfriend was stationed in El Paso. John:Well,we went to Juarez...
时态搭配三：一般现在时+现在完成时
如果说话人谈到的是一般常见的经历、而不是指某一次具体的过去的经历，那么他会用一般现在时态，然后接一个现在完成时态， 来探寻听话者/读者是否有过类似的经历。
---All you want is a fresh pot of tea.First,you snap your fingers.Then you wave your hand.FInally,you yell for some service.Fuwuyuan! ---You've been there,right? ---In my opinion,the threat of withholding a tip — or the reward of handing it out — is the only tool the customers have in the long struggle for decent service.
“单一事件”与时间状语的关系
“单一事件”完成时的肯定句不与持续的时间状语连用
短暂动词：come，go,leave,kill,die,lose,buy,start,give,marry,join和bring等。
例句
I have bought this pair of shoes for a year.
I have had this pair of shoes for a year.
I have married for over a year.
I have been married for over a year.
I have fallen in love for eight years.
I have been in love for eight years.
He has left his hometown for three years.
He has been away from his hometown for three years.
I have seen the movie for two years.
I saw the movie two years ago.
“单一事件”完成时的否定句表示状态意义，可与持续的时间状语连用
例句
I haven't seen you for ages! 我很久没见到你了！
I haven't bought a pair of shoes for a year. 我有一年没买过鞋了。
I haven't seen a film for weeks. 我有好几个星期没看电影了。
I haven't heard from my girlfriend since I came to America. 自从我来到美国以后就一直没有收到过我女朋友的来信。
“单一事件”完成时常与不确定的时间状语连用
较远的过去：ever 曾经；before。
较近的过去：yet，already，lately和recently
更近的过去：just，表示"刚刚",常与完成时态连用。
例句
A：Have you ever worked in a restaurant? B：Yes.I've worked in many ones. A：Yes.I worked in a French one last year.
A：Have you found a job yet? 你找到工作了吗？ B：No，not yet.
Has it stopped raining yet?
He hasn't arrived yet. 他还没到。
“延续事件”、“重复事件”与“单一事件”之间的相互关系
延续事件与单一事件
区别：单一事件的谓语动词是短暂动词，延续事件则必须带有一个持续的时间状语
例句：
He has been married for a year.
He has married for a year.
He has gotten married for a year.
His father has been dead for three years.
His father has died for three years.
注意，短暂动词可用于现在完成时态
表示单一事件中的“近的过去”事件
He has married.
His father has died.
延续事件的完成时在没有持续时间状语时不能表示延续，只能表示过去曾经的经历
I have been married for a year.结婚一年，现在还是已婚状态。
I have been married. 结过婚，现在单身。
远的过去
延续事件与重复事件
很难区分，看例句
I have lived here since 1980.
I have lived here on and off since 1980.
He has lived here for ten years.
He has lived here several times.
He has been married for a year.
He has been married a couple of times.
重复事件与单一事件
重复事件与“远的过去”单一事件
从表示过去经历的“单一事件”到“重复事件”，只需加上表示具体频度状语。
例句：
I have been married.
I have been married three times.
A:Have you ever seen the movie Titanic? B:Over ten times,I think.
重复事件与“近的过去”单一事件
在重复事件中，离现在最近的一次事件就是“近的过去”单一事件
看看例句吧。。。
He has been fired.
要根据上下文来判断具体含义，事件发生的远近
He has been fired before. 他以前曾经被开除过。
He has just been fired. 他刚被开除了。
He has been fired three times so far.
He has been fired before,but he is now at work.
He has just been fired,so he is now out of work.
完成时态用于最高级句型
在形容词最高级修饰的名词后面若接一个that从句，此时从句的谓语要用现在完成时态
例句：
He is the cockiest guy I have ever met in my life. 他是我有生以来见过的最自负的人。
This is the most interesting novel that I've ever read.
This is the hardest job that I've ever done.
Living witha roommate in a dorm has to be the hardest thing I've encountered.
除了用最高级外，还可以用序数词来修饰名词，从句的谓语同样用现在完成时
例句
A:This is the tenth cup of coffee that I've drunk this evening. B:How are you going to be able to fall asleep later if you keep on like this?
This is the first time that I've come to Beijing.
注意，如果主角的谓语用一般过去时，则that后面的句子的谓语要用过去完成时
例句
That was the tenth cup of coffee that I had drunk that night.
时间连词since的特殊用法
since+短暂动词
主句用现在完成时，since后面的从句用一般过去时
例句
I have worked in this company since I left school.
It has been three years since I came to China.
但其实，从句用现在完成时也是可以的。
I have worked in this company since I have left school.
It has been three years since I have come to China.
since+延续动词
当since接延续动词时，用一般过去时或现在完成时均可，但意思不一样。
一般过去时，则表示从句动作结束以来，主句活动在持续。
现在时态，则表示从句动作开始以来，主句活动在持续
It's been three years since I worked in this company. 我不在这家公司工作有三年了。
It's been three years since I have worked in this company. 我在这家公司工作有三年了。
过去完成时
在“过去”回顾“更远的过去”
过去完成时不能独立存在，要先有一般过去时。
例句：
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
He told me that there had been an argument between them
Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
延续事件、重复事件和单一事件的过去完成时。
过去完成时表示“延续事件”
例句
I had stayed in America for two years when he moved here.
I had learned 1,000 words by the end of last year.
We had studied English for six years when we entered college.
I had waited for her two hours in such a severe winter when she eventually turned up,which of course drove.
过去完成时表示“重复事件”
I had proposed to her five times,but she still refused to marry me.
I had written her 100 letters when she finally promised to marry me.
过去完成时表示“单一事件”
She had made everything ready before I came.
Her baby had fallen asleep when she went into the room.
过去完成时的其他意义和用法
表示“非真实”的过去
主要是指intend,mean,hope,want plan,suppose,expect,think,propose和wish等动词用于过去完成时， 可以表示过去未能实现的计划、设想、意图或希望等。
例句：
I had intended to wathc just one program,but somehow I couldn't make myself switch off the TV. 我本来打算只看一个电视节目，可不知怎的，电视打开之后我就关不了了。
I had planned to go shopping with you,but my mother came to see me just when I was about to go.
She had hoped that he would come to date her,but he didn't show up.
用于最高级句型
句型：It was the +序数词(first,second...)或最高级...that...
例句
It was the third time that someone had interrupted me that night.
On his next trip he arrived a little after seven in the morning.As a gift,he brought a big fish and a quart of the largest oysters I had ever seen.He said he had shucked them that morning before he left so that they'd be nice and fresh.I knew his bus left at 4:00 a.m.and I wondered what time he had to get up in order to do this for us.
过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
比较1
两个或两个以上相继发生的动作，用and或but按动作发生的先后顺序连接，此时要用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。
过去完成时强调主语在过去某一时刻“回顾”更早的动作。
例句：
He opened the door and entered,but found nobody.
He served in the army for ten years;then retired and married.His children are now at school. 他当过10年兵，然后退伍并结了婚。他的孩子现在都在上学。
He had served in the army for ten years;then he retired and married.His children were now at school. 他当过10年兵，后来退伍结了婚。他的孩子当时都在上学。
I realized that we had met before.
比较2
在表示两个相继发生的动作时，用过去完成时可以表示一个动作完成以后，另外一个动作才开始发生，从而使得两个动作相互独立
用一般过去时，则可能表示一个动作导致另一个动作的发生，或两个动作之间有一种因果关系。
例句：
When I had opened all the windows,I sat down and had a cup of tea.
When I opened the window the cat just jumped in.
When I had written my letters I did some gardening.
When I wrote him a letter,he came at once.
将来完成时
将来完成动作的开始时间
说话人站在将来的某一时间来谈某一动作的完成情况。
例句：
We will have taken five exams by next Friday.
昨天开始考试的
We started our exam yesterday and we will have taken five exams by next Friday.
今天开始考试的
We have started our exam today and we will have taken five exams by next Friday.
明天开始考试的
We will start our exam tomorrow and we will have taken five exams by next Friday.
将来完成时的三种思维用法
延续事件
例句
I will have taught English in New Oriental School for five years by the end of next month. 到下个月底前，我在新东方教英语将满5年了。
I will have learned 8,000 words by the end of next year. 到明年年底之前，我就将学过8000个单词了。
重复事件
By five o'clock this afternoon the spaceship will have traveled eleven times round the world.
单一事件
表示在将来的某一时刻之前开始的动作，到该时刻之前已经完成
例句
We will have finished our exam by the end of next year.
I will have finished my homework by the time I go out on a date tonight.
By the year 2050,scientists probably will have discovered a cure for cancer.