英语状语从句知识框架学习笔记思维导图

英语从句包括时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，目的状语从句，结果，条件，让步状语，比较状语，方式状语从句。帮助大家快速掌握英语从句用法。

英语状语从句知识框架学习笔记思维导图

时间状语从句

时间连词when的用法特点

一般来讲，when的意思相当于at that time（在.....时刻），因此从句的谓语动词通常是短暂动词，表示某一时刻的动作。

不过when引导的从句也可接延续动词，这时从句往往用过去进行时态，表示某一时间段内发生的动作

when引导从句表示过去动作的四组时态搭配

主句一般过去时+从句一般过去时

若主从句都用一般过去时，则表示从句动作先发生。

例句：

I started my dinner when he left. 他走了之后，我才开始吃晚饭。

He left when I got there. 我到了之后，他才离开。

主句一般过去时+从句过去完成时

从句用了过去完成时，更表示从句先发生

例句：

I started my dinner when he had left.

He left when I had got there.

主句一般过去时+从句过去进行时

在延续背景动作的过程中突然发生了一个短暂的动作。

The doorbell rang when I was telephoning.

主句过去进行时+从句一般过去时

在延续背景动作的过程中突然发生了一个短暂的动作。

I was telephoning when the doorbell rang.

when引导从句表示将来动作的一组时态搭配

主句一般将来时+从句一般现在时

在表示将来的动作时，主句显然要用一般将来时，而时间从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

例句：

I'll speak to him when he arrives. 等他到了我要和他说话。

I'll tell him about it when he comes. 等他回来我要告诉他这件事。

时间连词while的用法特点

当while用作动作连词时，意思相当于during the time，表示一段时间段内发生的动作。因此，从句的谓语从句通常接延续动词。

例句：

The phone rang while I was taking my bath.

The doorbell rang while we were watching TV.

时间连词until的用法特点

延续动词+until+短暂动词或时间点

当主句或句子的谓语动词是延续动词时，通常用肯定形式。until的后面若接从句，则从句的谓语必定是短暂动词， 或者接表示时间点的名词短语

例句:

Wait until he comes back. 等他回来吧

Until I came back,he was waiting for me at my home. 在我回来之前，他一直在我家里等我。

We'll stay here until it stops raining. 我们将一直呆到雨停了再走。

I will be away from my office until next Tuesday.

短暂动词+until+短暂动词或时间点

若主句或句子的谓语动词时短暂动词，则要用否定形式。not...until

例句：

He didn't leave the office until his boss came back. 直到老板回来后，他才离开办公室。

I did not realize how special my mother was until I become an adult. 直到我长大成人以后，我才真正懂得母亲是多么的不平凡。

One will never realize how much and how little he knows until he starts talking. 人们只有在与人进行交谈时才知道自己到底懂得多少。

I didn't go to bed until 12 o'clock last night.

表示“一......就”的结构

从句动作先于主句动作

确切的说，就是在从句动作发生之后，紧接着主句动作就发生了。

常用连词

as soon as

once

the minute

the moment

the instant

immediately

directly

instantly

例句

We will leave as soon as it stops raining. 从句用一般现在时表将来。

It began to rain as soon as I arrived home.

The doorbell rang immediately we began having dinner.

You see the lighting the instant it happens,but you hear the thunder later.

主句动作先于从句动作

确切的说，就是在主句动作发生之后，紧接着从句动作就发生了。

常用连词

hardly...when

scarcely...when

no sooner...than...

例句

No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.

Hardly had I got into the shower when the phone rang.

因为一般表示过去的动作，所以主句多用过去完成时，且常倒装，从句用一般过去时。

地点状语从句

地点状语从句通常用where来引导，用来表达主句的动作发生的场所。 其结构通常就是“where+陈述句”，从句可以放在句首或句末。

例句

Stay where you are.

Generally,air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

地点状语放在句首，在翻译时往往失去地点的含义

Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

原因状语从句

常见连词的用法

常用because,for,as和since这四个连词来引导原因状语从句。他们的意义和用法不完全相同。

because的语气最强，只有它才能用来回答why的问句，所引出的原因往往是听话人所不知道 的或最感兴趣的；也只有because才能被强调词如only,just和perhaps等来修饰。

连词as和since的用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或以为听话人所熟悉 而不需用because加以强调。

连词for表示推断的理由，是对前面分句的内容加以解释和说明

例句

My friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful.

Perhaps because most of today's cross-cultural marriages occur because of "true love",these couples work hard to overcome their differences.

Since we don't have class tomorrow,why not go out for a picnic?

Since you are an English major,I guess you can help me with this sentence.

As Monday is a national holiday,all government offices will be closed.

It rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning.

注意

as和for引导的主、从句，二者处于平等位置。

because引导的从句显得比主句重要，强调原因；

since引导的从句显得次要，而主句重要，以说明将要做什么事。

用介词表示因果关系

常用的介词有：because of,due to和owing to.因为是介词，所以其后面不能接从句。

owing to 通常发在句首

例句

We had an accident because he was careless.

We had an accident due to his carelessness.

Owing to his carelessness we had an accident.

目的状语从句

常用的连词有：so that,in order that和that。另外，在目的状语从句中常含有情态动词，比如may,might或can,could等。

例句

I turned off the TV in order that my roommate could study in peace and quiet.

When I was a child,I would take a flashlight to bed with me so that I could read comic books without my parents' knowing about it.

We climbed high (so) that we might get a better view.

结果状语从句

常见连词的用法

常用连词有：so...that和such...that

注意，结果状语从句都要放在主句之后，而不能提到句首。

连词so...that的用法

接形容词

I was so late that I didn't have time to get on it.

The food in our school canteen is so bad that flies go there to lose weight.

接副词

He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself,but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. 他一直不断地提出确定不疑的主张，以至于不仅他自己对他们深信不疑，而且还使得 工商管理界相信他们都是真的。

连词such...that的用法

可以用such...that来引导结果状语从句，此时such的后面要接名词

例句：

He is such a good teacher that everyone likes him.

He is so good a teacher that everyone likes hime.

结果状语从句的倒装

在英文中，such/so...that引导结果状语从句，为了强调，还可以将主句中的so或such 引导的部分置于句首从而构成倒装结构。

例句

So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. 正常语序：Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.

Such a fool was he that he believed her.

条件状语从句

常见连词的用法

常见连词为if和unless

例句

If winter comes,can spring be far behind?

Giving someone all your love is an assurance that they'll love you back.Don't expect love in return,just wait for it to grow in their heart,but if it doesn't be glad it grew in yours.

Inside this book you will find a series of successful skills,strategies and suggestions for improving your English,but these will be useless unless you carry them out.

其他条件状语从今的连词

连词有：suppose(that),supposing(that),providing/provided(that),so long as,as long as和on condition that

例句

Let us suppose (that) the news is true. 我们假设这消息是正确的。

Let's suppose (that) the news is true. 让我们假定这消息是真的。

Most people suppose that there must be a railway line underneath it. 大多数人认为它下面肯定有一条铁轨。

Supposing (that) you are wrong, what will you do then?

Then I will buy the best clothes—always supposing that I get rich.

I will agree to go provided/providing (that) my expenses are paid.

He will take the job providing (that) he may do it in his own time.

So long as we keep level-headed, there is no cause for alarm.

You will do all right so long as you follow my advice.

I'll never forget that as long as I am living.

As long as you can keep away from them, you're safe.

He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country.

"I am quite willing, on condition that there's no objection . "

让步状语从句

常见连词的用法

常见的连词有：though,although,even though和even of,此时，主句前不可用but，但可用yet或still

例句：

Although he tried hard,(yet/still) he failed. 尽管他努力了，但他还是失败了。

Although the two countries were officially at peace, fighting continued. 尽管两国公开表示和平共处，但战斗还在继续。

I wouldn't lose courage even if I should fail ten times. 即使要失败十次，我也绝不灰心。

Even if it should rain tomorrow, we will continue our work. 即使明天下雨，我们也要继续工作。

Though a bit too old, he is still adequate to the work. 虽然他年纪大了点，却仍能胜任这项工作。

Her face, though sad, still evoked a feeling of serenity. 她的脸色虽然悲伤，但仍使人感觉安详。

He always tries to hold his ground even though he is wrong.

表示让步转折关系的介词

在英文中，还可以用介词来表示让步转折关系。这些介词主要有despite,in spite of和for all.

例句

Though he was inexperienced,he did a very good job.

In spite of his inexperience,he did a very good job.

In spite of his being inexperienced,he did a very good job.

He is a poor musician for all his training. 尽管他经过训练，他还是一个蹩脚的乐师。

He has many faults, but for all that I like him. 他有许多缺点，尽管如此，我仍喜欢他。

介词后面可以接名词、名词短语、动名词或what引导的从句；连词后面可以接完整的陈述句、形容词、分词等。

置于句首的while一般表示“尽管”

例句

While I admit his good points I can see his bad. 尽管我承认他的长处,但我也看到了他的不足。

While he loves his students,he is very strict with them. 虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对他们很严格。

另外，while还常常作并列连词用,意思为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比或转折。

There’s plenty of rain in the southeast,while there's little in the northeast. 东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。

Some people waste food while others haven't enough. 有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。

as的倒装句表示让步

形容词提置句首

Young as he is,he is knowledgeable.

Oldest in our workshop as he is,he works hardest.

副词提置句首

Much as I respect him,I can not agree with him.

Again as he failed in doing this experiment,he didn't lose his heart.

分词提置句首

Praised as he was,he remained modest. 虽然他受到表扬，但他仍然谦虚。

名词提置句首

Child as he is,he is knowledgeable.

Lazy a boy as he is,he is kind to help others.

比较状语从句

连词as的基本用法

as+形容词或副词+as

The work is not as difficult as you think. 这项工作不像你想象的那么难。

Eyes are as eloquent as lips (are). 眼镜像嘴唇一样富于表现力。

eloquent英音：['eləkwənt]美音：['ɛləkwənt] 形容词 a. 1. 雄辩的,有说服力的 The speaker made an eloquent appeal for human rights. 该发言人就人权问题发出了强有力的呼吁。 2. 富于表现的 Eyes are more eloquent than lips. 眉目传情胜过言语。

An adult human must take eight steps to go as far as a giraffe does in one stride. 长颈鹿跨一步的距离相当于一个成年人走八步。

as+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+as

Americans tend to think from small to large.Let us take as simple an example as the addressing of envlopes.

在否定句中第一个as可用so代替

The room is not so large as the one we saw yesterday.

为了保持句子平衡，从句还可以使用倒装结构

as...as+助动词+主语

Small as it is,the ant is as much a creature as are all other animals on the earth. 主语

The computer revolution may well change society as fundamentally as did the Industrial Revolution.

连词than的基本用法

可比性问题

同类事物才能比较

例句

He is taller than I (am).

The weather of the South is wetter than the North.

不是同类事物

The weather of the South is wetter than that of the North.

比较形式问题

在有than的比较句子里，主句中必须有比较级形式出现。

Of the two possibilities, this is more likely than that. 两个可能中，后者比前者更可能。

为了保持句子平衡，从句还可以用全部或部分倒装

此时的结构是：than+助动词+主语

The surface conditions on the planet Mars are more like the Earth's than are those of any other planet in the solar system. 与太阳系中的其他行星相比，火星表面的情况同地球表面的情况最为相似。

表示倍数比较的三种句型

“倍数+比较级”结构：A is three times bigger than B

When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.

"倍数+as...as"结构：A is three times as big as B

There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity and among 70-years-olds there are twice as many women as men.

"倍数+名词"结构：A is three times the size of B

According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information,prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.

the more...,the more句型

正确使用这个句型的关键在于，要知道这里的比较级部分都须在各自的分句中充当一定的成分，换句话说，相当于是将 分句中的某个成分变为比较级之后提到句首。

The more exact words you use,the more easily people will understand you. 你用词越准确，人们就越容易理解你的意思。

The more I see of him, the more I like him.

方式状语从句

方式状语从句表示动作的方式，引导词有：as,like,as if,as though和the way等

例句

When in Rome,do as the Roman do.

Do it the way you were taught. 按照教给你的那样做。

He looks as though/as if he is an actor.