专题三代词

一张思维导图带你玩转英语语法！英语语法有很多种，例如名词、动词等修改，下图从指示代词 、疑问代词 、不定代词 等方面详细介绍了代词的修改的知识点，后续还会更新更多知识点哦！快收藏加关注不迷路哦！

专题三. 代词

• 考点1. 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
  • 1.变化形式表
    • 第一，二人称:形代+self/selves 第三人称:宾格+self/selves
  • 2.人称代词主格和宾格:动词前面用主格,动词或介词之后用宾格。
    • eg:We went to see them yesterday. Don't worry abou thim.
  • 3. 人称代词的排列顺序：通常情况下，单数→you, he/she/it and I；复数→we, you and they。 但若是用于承担责任或错误等场合，则可把第一人称I置于其他人称代词之前。
    • eg:(1)You, she and I should help each other. (2)Tom and I went to school together. (1)I and Tom are to blame. (2)It was I and John that made her angry.
      • ★人称相同时男在前，女在后。
        • eg:(1)He and his wife loved each other deeply. (2)John and Mary are good friends.
  • 4. it和one的区别: it——同类同物 one——同类不同物
    • eg:—I can’t find my hat. Have you seen it? （指的就是上句话提到的hat，两者同一物） —No, I think you’d better buy one. （指的是hat的同类物）
  • 5. 形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词：一般情况下形容词性物主代词后面接名词，名词性物主代词后面不可接名词。
    • eg:(1)This is my bag. Where is yours?(2)Their school is much bigger than ours.
  • 6. （1）反身代词必须要与被指代人在人称和数上保持一致，意为“某人自己”。
    • eg:(1)I can do all the homework by myself. (2)The boy can’t dress himself.
      • （2）常考的反身代词短语有：enjoy oneself（玩得开心）， help oneself to ...（随便吃……）， say to oneself（自言自语）， come to oneself（苏醒）， all by oneself（独自地）， leave sb. by oneself（将某人单独留下）， look after oneself（照顾自己）， learn ... by oneself / teach oneself（自学）， dress oneself（自己穿衣）， hurt oneself（伤到自己）等。
        • eg:Help yourself to some fish. 随便吃些鱼吧。
• 考点2. 指示代词（this,that,these,those等）的用法
  • 1. 单数：this：这个（近）, that：那个（远）；复数：these：这些（近）, those：那些（远）。
    • eg:(1)—What’s this? —It’s a cat. 　 (2)—What are those? —They are apples.
  • 2. 电话通话中常用this指代自己，that 指代对方。
    • eg:—This is Tom speaking. —Who’s that?
  • 3. 用来代替前面提到的名词，避免重复。不可数名词用that，可数名词单数用one，复数用the ones 或those。
    • eg:(1)The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong in winter. (2)I have a blue watch. He also has one. (3)The streets in Beijing are wider than those（the ones） in Dongguan.
• 考点3. 疑问代词用法
  • 1. who（主格）, whom（宾格）, what（什么）, which（哪一个）, how（如何）。
    • eg:(1)Who is the man over there? (2)What are you going to do this afternoon? (3)How do you go to school every day?
  • 2. 与how有关的常用短语： ●how often 提问时，答语一般用twice a day, sometimes, often等表频率的词。 eg: —How often do you watch TV? —Twice a day.
    • ●how soon提问时，答语一般用in+一段时间。 eg:—How soon will you arrive in Beijing? —In 20 minutes.
      • ●how long 提问时，答语一般用for+一段时间或since+时间点。 eg:—How long have you been in China? —For two years./Since two years ago. /Since I came here.
        • ●how far用来提问路程，答语一般用 10 kilometers / 20 minutes’ walk等。 eg:—How far is it from your home to school? —It’s about 10 minutes’ walk.
          • ●how old用来提问年龄，答语一般用20 years old 等。 eg:—How old is your brother? —He is 17 years old.
            • ●how many用来提问多少（可数名词），答语一般用具体数字表达。 eg:—How many hours are there in a day? —24.
              • ●how much用来提问价钱或提问多少（不可数名词），答语一般用表价钱的数字。 eg:—How much will you spend on books in a month? —Nearly 300 yuan.
• 考点4. 不定代词的用法
  • 1. some和any：一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和一般疑问句。 但说话人有请求或建议时，一般疑问句中还用some。
    • eg:(1)There are some books in the desk. (2)He doesn’t have any money. (3)Do you have any questions? Would you like some more coffee?
  • 2. many和much:many后接可数名词复数, much 后接不可数名词。
    • eg:I have many friends, but I can’t find out much information about them.
  • 3. a few, few, a little和little：a few（肯定）和few（否定）后面接可数名词；a little（肯定）和little（否定）后面接不可数名词。
    • eg:(1)The problem is so difficult that few students can work it out. 这问题是如此难，以致几乎没有学生能解决。 (2)I have a few apples, so I can give you one. 我有几个苹果，所以我能给你一个。 (3)Hurry up!We have little time. 快点!我们没 有时间了。 (4)Take it easy. There is still a little time for us to go there. 别着急，离我们到那里还有一点时间。
  • 4. 与两者有关的不定代词 （both, either, neither） both（两者都）：后接名词、谓语动词均为复数。either（两者中任何一个）：后接谓语动词用单数。neither（两者中没有一个）：后接谓语动词用单数。
    • eg:(1)Both of the twins are kind to their parents. 这对双胞胎对他们的父母都很好。 (2)I have only two tickets. Either of you can go with me. 我只有两张票。你们中只有一个人可以跟我去。
  • 5. 与三者有关的不定代词 （all, each, none）all:指三者或三者以上都，后接谓语动词用复数。each:指两者或两者以上中的任何一个，后接谓语动词用单数。none：指三者或三者以上中没有一个, 后接谓语动词用单数或者复数。
    • eg:(1)All of the books are useful to all of us. 所有书对我们所有人都有用。 (2)Each of us has an apple. = We each have an apple. 我们每个人都有一个苹果。 (3)None of the students in our class are from Japan. 我们班的学生没有一个来自日本。
  • 6. another, other, the other, others, the others （1）another：指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”，后接可数名词单数（有时该名词省略）。
    • （2）other：指“其他的，别的”，后可接名词单数或复数。 eg:There are many students in the classroom. Some students are reading. Other students are doing homework.
      • （3）the other：①指两者中的“另一个”，一般结构为one ... the other ...。eg:I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue. ②特指“其他的，别的”，后可接名词单数或复数，一般有范围（即有具体数字表明）。 eg:There are 60 students in my class. 30 are girls, the other students are boys.
        • （4）others=other+名词复数：指“其他的，别的（人或物）”，后不能接名词。 eg:I can lend you my bike, but you can’t lend it to others.
          • （5）the others = the other+名词复数：特指“其他的，别的（人或物）”，后不能接名词，一般有范围（即有具体数字表明）。 eg:He has 5 children. 2 of them are middle school students. The others are primary school students.
  • ★答题技巧： ①先判断横线后是否有名词，没名词的在another, others和the others 中选；有名词的则在another, other和the other 中选。 ②没名词时，代替的名词为单数则用another；代替的名词为复数，有具体数字表特指时用the others；代替的名词为复数，没特指时用others。 ③有名词时，后接名词为单数则用another；后接名词为复数，有具体数字表特指时用the other；后接名词为复数，没特指时用other。 ④注意固定搭配one ... the other ...结构。
    • eg:(1)He is ready to help＿＿＿. （没名词，代替名词为复数，没具体数字特指，所以选填others） (2)This watch is not so good. Would you pass me＿＿＿？（没名词，代替名词为watch, 单数，故选another） (3)I have watched 8 movies. 4 movies are interesting,＿＿＿are dull. （横线后是are，不是名词，代替名词movies为复数，有具体数字8和4特指，所以选填the others） (4)Would you like＿＿＿cake?（横线后有名词，名词为cake, 单数，故选another） (5)Some boys are playing football outside.＿＿＿boys are reading books inside.（横线后有名词boys，复数，没具体数字特指，所以选填Other） (6)There are 20 cars parking here. 10 cars are yellow.＿＿＿cars are red.（横线后有名词cars，复数，有具体数字20和10特指，所以选填The other） (7)I have two good friends. One is good at English,＿＿＿is good at Chinese. （one ... the other ...结构）
  • 7. 形容词修饰以下不定代词时形容词要放在不定代词的后面。此类不定代词有：somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, nothing等。
    • eg:something important 重要东西 nothing interesting 没有有趣的东西 somewhere warm 暖和的地方
• 刘佳燚 九年四班
• 人称代词（主格、宾格、形代、名代） 物主代词 反身代词 指示代词 不定代词 疑问代词