Psychology and life

本图关于Psychology and life的思维导图，具体有HOW TO USE THIS TEXT、research method、Psychology.

Psychology and life 

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• HOW TO USE THIS TEXT
  • sufficient time
    • at least three hours of reading time per chapter
  • record study time
  • active
  • Space out your studying
  • Get study-centered
  • Strategies
• research method
  • process
  • Observer biases
    • Reason: personal motivesand expectations
      • Expectancy effects
      • Placebo effect
        • Method: between -subjects designs(random assignments)/ within-subjects designs individuals comparison
        • subliminal influence
    • Remedy
      • Standardization
        • Ensure the same experimental condition
          • Method: double-blind control
      • Operational definition
        • Set the independent and dependent variables
          • Experimental Method: alternative explanations
      • correlational methods(correlation =! cassations)
  • Measurement
    • Reliability
      • Can be repeated in the same condition
    • Validity
      • Can measure precisely what you want to measure
    • Self-report measures
      • Interview
      • Questionnaire
      • Disadvantages
        • People without verbal ability can not report
        • Lie, misleaded, misunderstand, embarrassed
      • Advantage
        • Collect private and unobservable data
    • Behavioral measures
      • Visible and recorded
      • Naturalistic observation
      • Archival data
        • When some quality can’t be represented by report and being observed
  • Ethical issues
    • Informed consent
      • Potential risk
      • benefits
      • private
      • Leave whenever they want
      • Access to contact officials
    • Risk/gain Assessment
      • Minimize. The risk
      • Take the precautions
    • Intentional deception
      • Scientific importance
      • No equally effective one excheding deception
      • Explain it to the participants
      • The participants can withdraw the data
    • Debriefing
      • make sure that no one leave feeling confused or embarrassed.
    • Animal Research
      • Important
      • The stress of confinement
      • 3Rs
        • Reduce the number
        • Replace the use
        • Refine the procedures
  • critical consumer of research
    • correlation =! cassations
    • Ask that critical terms and key concepts be defined operationally
    • Consider first how to disprove a theory, hypothesis, or belief
    • search for alternative explanations
    • personal biases
    • Be suspicious of simple answers to complex questions or single causes and cures for complex effects and problems.
    • comparative basis for the effect: compared to what?
    • Be open-minded yet skeptical
    • Challenge authority
• Psychology
  • The definition of Psychology
    • Scientific
      •  Use scientific method
    •  Bahavior
      •  Observable behavior
    •  Individual
      • The subject of psychology analysis
    •  Mental
      •  Study mental progress
  • The goal
    •  Describe
      •  Objectively
      •  Behavioral data
    •  Expalin
      • Underlying cause
        • Internal
        • External
        • Combied
    • Predict
      • Precise
        • Testable
        • Falsifiable
    •  Control
      • To improve people’s lives
  • History
  • Perspectives
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• Person of motivation开始你
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