chapter5

英语国家概况Education,Media and Holidays，内容有Education、Media、Holidays and Festivals.

Education,Media and Holidays

• Education
  • Educational Policy
    • 1. Historically: education was voluntary
    • 2. Before 1870: only 40%of children under 10 went to school regularly
    • 3. 1870-1960s: the government started to take responsibility for education
    • 4. 1960s: comprehensive schools were introduced
    • 5. 1988: The National curriculum
    • 6. Now: primary,secondary ,further and higher education
  • Educational System
    • 1.Primary and Secondary Education
      • school system
        • primary(the age of 5 to 11):state system,provide fee of charge
        • secondary (the age of 11 to 16):independent system,require fee
      • GCSE
        • before16,certify they had accepted compulsory education
      • After GCSE
        • may choose to leave school and begin working
        • or continue full-time education
      • private sector
        • public schools
        • independent schools
    • 2.Higher Education
      • 12th and 13th century: Oxford and Cambridge
      • 15th and 16th: St.Andrews, Glasgow,Edinburgh and Aberdeen
      • 19th and 20th: other universities
      • Founded by government: all universities, except Buckingham university,BPP university college
      • In 1998: Abolish the maintenance great and implement tuition for university
      • legally indepent and enjoy complete academic freedom
      • Admission: A-level results,school reference , interview
      • Degree:
        • depend on final examination
        • B.A. B.S. : spend 3 years
        • M.A. M.S. :need another 1 year
        • doctoral degree: need another 3-4 years
      • The open university: non-traditional route,for all people
    • 3.Famous Universities
      • Oxford University
        • Location: in the city of Oxford,England
        • Status: the oldest university of England-speaking world
      • Cambrige University
        • Status：one of the oldest university in the world ;one of the largest in Britain; worldwide reputation of academic achievement
        • Department composition:31 colleges
          • over 100 departments
          • research centers
          • a central administration
        • Teaching:
          • lectures, seminars and pratical classes by conducted experts
          • more personalized teaching arranges by the colleges
      • the University of London
        • Department composition:
          • First:UCL and KCL
          • Now: 18 colleges and 10 other institutes
        • Status: a federation of colleges;one of the world's largest universities
        • King's college London
          • the most central university institution in London
          • multicultural student body
          • stronger academic reputation
        • The London school of Economics and Political Science
          • the only university in Britain specializing in social sciences
          • the British Library of Political and Economic Science is housed there
          • a public lecture venue
• Media
  • Newspapers
    • role
      • central to British leisure culture
      • shapes the public opinion
      • determines people's moral and political orientation
      • undermines the rule of a government
    • quality press
      • CONTENT: in-depth articles of political and social importance,reviews and feature articles about "high culture"
      • READERS: a well-educated, middle-class audience
      • Big three: The Times; The Guardian; The Daily Telegraph
    • tabloids
      • smaller-format newspapers with color photos and catchy headlines
  • Television and Broadcast(BBC)
    • Role:Britian's main public service broadcast
    • Fund: by levying television license fees
    • Forms:
      • documentaries
      • "costume dramas"
      • the "Shakespeare" series
    • Competitor:the British Sky Broadcasting Goup PLC
• Holidays and Festivals
  • Christmas
    • Christmas pantomime
    • Queen's Christmas message
    • Boxing Day
  • Easter
    • on the date of the first full moon
    • mian symbol of Easter is the Easter egg
  • Queen's Birthday Parade
    • on the second Saturday in June
    • one of Britain's most impressive and colorful festivals
  • Bonfire Night
    • also named Guy Fawkes Night or Fireworks Night
    • on November 5
    • commemorates a historical event
  • Other festivals
    • Mother's Day; April Fool's Day; Remembrance Sunday and so on