Education，Media and Holidays

关于Education，Media and Holidays的思维导图，Pligrims thank God and the Native Americans for helping them survive the harsh winter and produce a beautiful harvest.

Education，Media and Holidays

• Education
  • Ideals and American Education
    • The first ideal
      • as many people should have access to as much education as they want.
    • The second ideal
      • producing a society that is totally literate and of local control.
    • The third ideal
      • The basic nature of knowledge and learning.The idea is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already knowm.
    • The reasons for valuing education
      • Education in America is regarded as both an individual benefit and a social necessity.
      • They hold the view that the future of the nation depends largely on education.
  • Educational System
    • Elementary and Secondary Education
      • Are compulsory and are divided into 12grades.
      • one academic year from September to June for each grade.
      • school systems
        • elementary school（1-6 grades）
        • junior high school(7-9 grades)
        • senior high school(10-12 grades)
      • college applicants are chose on the basis of
        • Their high school records.
        • Recommendations from their high school teachers.
        • The impression they make during interviews at the aniversity.
        • Their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) .
    • Higher Education
      • Begin
        • The founation of Harvard College in 1636.
      • Four categories of institutions
        • The University
        • The four-year undergraduate institution-the college
        • The technical training institution
        • The two-year community college
      • "College"
        • In America,an undergraduate institution that confers the degree of Arts (B.A.） or Bachelor of science (B.S.) after 4 years of study or an associate degree after 2 years of study.
      • For college students
        • An academic year is about 9 months ,from mid-september to early June or from late August until May.
        • Dividing into 2 or 3 semeters.
        • students must learn a certain number of "credits"
        • Sports have a significant place in American University life.
      • The U.S. has three functions
        • teaching.research and public service.
    • Famous Universities
      • Harvard Universities
        • the oldest institution of higher learning in the U.S.
        • comprehensive university
        • outstanding academic achievements and produce more than 40 Nobel laureats.
      • Yale University
        • Delepment: from Yale College to Yale University.
        • major academic components
          • Yale College (the undergraduate program)
          • the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
          • 10 professional schools
        • strict teaching and enrollment,high academic standard
      • Princeton University
        • be known as the College of New Jersey
        • components
          • History Departmnt
          • Philosophy Department
          • English Department
          • Mathematics Department
          • Physic Department
        • The Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs
          • has been training government officials
      • Massachusetts Institution of Technology (MIT)
        • famous for
          • scientific and technological training and research
        • comprised of five schools
          • the School of Architecture and Planning
          • the School of Engineering
          • the School of Humanities
          • Arts and Social Sciences
          • the MIT Slogan School of Management and School of Science
        • attach teaching theory study and applied research
          • has achived significant success in the field of scientific research
    • Multicultural Education
      • the reason
        • The schools have been greatly affected by the combination of population and increased immigration.
      • the ways to spread
        • By teaching the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.
        • textbooks
        • Cultural pluralism
        • Holidays
        • Literature
        • Ethnic studies departments
• Media
  • Newspapers
    • status
      • Have the most daily newspapers in the world
      • Some high quality paper's view are quoted all over the world
      • The most entertaining part of the paper is "funnies" or comics section
    • The most influential ones
      • The New York time
        • established in 1851
        • number one in the U.S.
        • characteristics
          • high quality of edit and news coverage
          • its serious attitude and great bulk
      • The Washington Post
        • established in 1877
        • the dominant newpaper in U.S.
        • characteristics
          • closely linked to the American congress
          • first exposed the Watergate Scandal in 1972
      • The Los Angeles Times
        • established in 1881
        • one of the world's great newspapers
        • characteristics
          • physially huge
          • hot to endorse candidates for high offices
  • Television and Broadcast
    • The major radio and TV networks
      • the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)
      • the National Broadcasting System (NBS)
      • the American Broadcasting System (ABS)
    • Type
      • Nearly all TV
        • commercial
      • the Public Broadcatsing Service (PBS)
        • no commercials
    • The Cable News Network(CNN)
      • established in 1980 by Ted Turner
      • widely credited for introducing the concept of 24-hour news coverage
    • The Voice America (VOA）
      • originally established to broadcast war information
      • now is for the dissemination of propaganda to foreign countries
      • sends news to the world in over 40 languages 24 hours a day
• Holidays and Festivals
  • Thanksgiving
    • on the fourth Thursday in November
    • origin
      • Pligrims thank God and the Native Americans for helping them survive the harsh winter and produce a beautiful harvest
    • meal
      • turkey,sweet,potatoes and cranberry
    • programs and sports events
      • Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade
  • Independence Day
    • on the 4th of July
    • origin
      • representing the Dedaration of Independence
    • Ceremonies
      • parades,officials,visits to historic monuments,outdoor stage shows,dancing parties,boat races,fireworks display
    • Activities
      • barbecues,picnics and family gatherings