两次世界大战间的世界

The Western World Between the Two World Wars From the early 20c to 1945

The Western World Between the Two World Wars From the early 20c to 1945

• stage characteristics
  • politics
    • The Second Industrial Revolution exacerbated the contradictions between the great powers, which eventually led to the outbreak of the First World War. The victory of the October Revolution transformed Marxism from ideal to reality and ushered in an era of coexistence and competition between the two social systems. Germany and Japan, hit by the economic crisis, embarked on the path of fascism, triggering World War II.
  • economic
    • After the October Revolution in Soviet Russia, they began to explore the road of socialist construction and gradually established a highly centralized planned economic system. With the emergence of the worldwide economic crisis from 1929 to1933. Roosevelt's New Deal ushered in a new model of state intervention in the economy.
  • culture
    • Modernist literature and art arose.
• THe WWI and the world system later
  • The WWI
    • Triple Entente: France, Great Britain, and Russia Triple Alliance:Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
    • time
      • 1914-1918
    • background
      • THe Second Industrial Revolution
        • The capitalist world system was formed
        • The imbalance in the political and economic development of the major capitalist countries intensified
        • The formation of two major military blocs of the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente
        • The rapid development of technology
    • character
      • The unjust wars waged by the imperialist countries to redivide the world
      • Technology played an important role during the war
    • turning point
      • the collapse of the Russian army and the entry of the United States in 1917
    • influence
      • politics
        • Contributed to the emergence of a new type of socialist state
        • The United States and Japan and other countries rose rapidly.
      • ideology
        • Pacifist ideas prevailed
  • Versailles-Washington system
    • national league
      • to promote international cooperation to ensure peace and security
• THe October Revolution in 1917
  • background
    • sharp contradictions in the country
    • The WWI sharpened the conflicts
    • mature proletarisn parties and leaders
  • result
    • THe Bolshevik Party overthrew the Provisional Government
  • character
    • socialist nature
  • significant events
    • The February Revolution
      • overthrew the tsar and establish Soviet power
  • importance
    • The world's first socialist state led by the proletariat was established
• Eurpoe after 1918
  • The United States retreated to a position of selective involvement
  • Russia devastated and isolated
  • Europeans faced an uncertain future
  • International Loans
    • loans among the warring countries
      • saw trade as the principal way to accumulate enough national income to pay
        • the United States insisted on high tariffs to protect domestic goods against imports.
    • loans between The United States and warring countries
      • loans were tied to gold
  • Exploration of modern models
    • Soviet Russian socialism
      • Wartime Communist Policy
        • It seriously damaged the interests of the peasants and led to the post-war economic and political crisis.
      • New Economic Policy
        • The national economy was stabilized and restored, Soviet power was consolidated
      • Stalin Model
        • Through two five-year plans, the Soviet Union rapidly developed into a world industrial power.
    • World capitalism
      • The Great Depression 1929-1933
        • significance
          • It marked the beginning of a long period of worldwide economic stagnation and depression
        • reason
          • THe contradiction between the socialization of production in capitalist society and the private ownership of the means of production.
          • Stock speculation and installments contribute to the instability of financial markets.
        • measure
          • countries engage in tariff wars and currency depreciation
          • Hoover's limited intervention in anti-crisis measures
        • result
          • THe social crisis in the capitalist countries deepened, and the fascist forces developed.
      • Roosevelt's New Deal
        • It created a new model of national development and economic development, and entered period of state monopoly capitalism.
  • The WWⅡ 1939-1945
    • Germany, Italy, and Japan-- Axis Powers against the British Empire, the Soviet Union, and the United States-- the Grand Alliance.
    • background
      • Economic crisis
      • Fascism
      • Appeasement
    • significant event
      • In 1942,the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and the United States declared war on Japan.
    • influence
      • THe Yalta System was established
      • The idea of striving for peace and progress was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
      • It dealt a heavy blow to international imperialism.