语法基本框架

英语语法总结，包括词汇与从句，易错点及考点

语法

• 句法
  • 句子基本结构
    • 主语
    • 谓语
    • 宾语
    • 表语
    • 定语
    • 状语
    • 补语
    • 同位语
  • 主语从句
    • 从属连词(不做成分)
      • that/whether
        • 例句：Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.
    • 连接代词（做主宾表定，不了省略）
      • who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whatever,whichever
        • 例句：Who will go makes no difference.
    • 连接副词（做状语)
      • when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however
        • 例句：How the pyramids were built is still a mystery.
          • 可用it做形式主语
  • 宾语从句
    • 从属连词
      • that,if,whether,that无实意，可省略
        • 例句：I don't know whether he will come or not.
    • 连接代词
      • what,who,whose,which,whoever,whomever,whatever
        • 例句：I don’t know whom you should depend on.
    • 连接副词
      • when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however
        • 例句：Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?
  • 表语从句
    • 连词 that 无实意，不可省略
      • 例句：The fact is that we are lack of experience.
      • 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that连接，而不是because。 eg.The reason why he didn't come wasthat he missed the train.
    • whether 是否，不可用if替换
      • eg.The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
    • 连接代词who/whom/whose/which
      • eg.The quesstion is whom we can trust.
    • 连接副词when/where/why/how
      • eg.That is where I don't agree.
    • what 既起连接作用，又充当句子成分。
      • eg.I am no longer what I was.
  • 同位语从句
    • that 无实意，不可省略
      • eg. I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that.
      • 在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。
        • eg. They expressed the wish that she accept the award.
    • whether,不可用if替换
      • eg. There is some doubt whether he will come.
    • what eg. Do you have any idea what time it starts?
    • 关系副词
      • when,where,why,how
        • eg. He had no idea why she left.
  • 定语从句
    • 关系代词（做主宾表定）
      • 指代人
        • 做主语
          • that/who 例句：the boy who/that wears glasses is my friend.
        • 做宾语
          • that/whom 例句：He is the boy that/whom I saw yesterday.
        • 做定语
          • whose 例句：This is the girl whose eyes are green.
      • 指代物
        • 做主/宾语
          • that/which 例句：The book that/which I bought yesterday is interesting.
        • 做定语
          • whose 例句：This is the building whose windows are green
    • 关系副词（做状语）
      • 时间 when 例句：I still remember the days when we live together.
      • 地点 where 例句：This place is where we first met.
      • 原因 why This is the reason why I was late for school.
  • 状语从句
    • 时间
      • when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until ，every time,the minute=the moment=immediately=no sooner … than= hardly …when =scarcely … when
        • 例句：While I was working,my wife was cooking.
    • 地点
      • where，wherever, anywhere, everywhere
        • 例句：wherever you go，you should work hard.
    • 原因
      • because, since, as, for ，now that既然, in that因为, considering that=seeing that 考虑到，鉴于
        • 例句：Now that everyone is here，let's begin our conference.
    • 目的
      • so that, in order that , in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that,
        • 例句：The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the documents so that he can sign them.
    • 让步
      • though, although, even if, even though as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 ) 虽然，no matter …， in spite that, whatever=no matter what, whoever= no matter who, wherever= no matter where, whenever= no matter when, however=no matter how, whichever = no matter which
        • 例句：Much as I respect him,I cannot agree with his proposal.
    • 结果
      • so … that, such … that, 　　 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that
        • 例句：He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
    • 方式
      • as 按照, as if, the way
        • 例句：Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
    • 条件
      • if, unless, as/so long as 只要, only if 只要, providing/provided that 假如, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
        • 例句：We will start our project if the president agrees.
    • 比较
      • as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) 　　the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as C is to D A对B就像C对D一样; not A so much as B
        • 例句：Air is to human what water is to fish.
• 词法
  • 名词 单复数
  • 动词
    • 谓语：时态语态
    • 非谓语：to do/doing/done
  • 数词
    • 序数词 first/second/third...
    • 基数词 one/two/three...
  • 冠词
    • 定冠词 the (特指)
    • 不定冠词 a/an (非特指)
  • 形容词 比较级最高级
  • 副词
  • 介词 介词短语
  • 连词 逻辑、从句
  • 代词 单复数、所有格
  • 构词法 词根词缀