Direct speech and Reported speech

清新简洁让你看懂“直接引语和间接引语”

Direct Speech and Indirect Speech

• person change
  • 一随主：引语中的第一人称看主语
    • eg. She said,"I like English (myself)."→ She said she like English (herself).
  • 二随宾：引语中的第二人称看宾语
    • eg. He said to Lily,"you must get up early."→ He said to Lily (that) she must get up early.
  • 三不变：引语中的第三人称不用变
    • She said to me,"They want to hit me."→ She said to me (that) they wanted to hit her.
• shifting of tenses
  • 直引：一般现在时 间引：一般过去时
  • 直引：现在进行时 间引：过去进行时
  • 直引：一般将来时 间引：过去将来时
  • 直引：现在完成时 间引：过去完成时
    • had+过去分词
  • 直引：一般过去时 间引：过去完成时
    • had+过去分词
  • 主句：一般现在时：→ by yourself
  • 主句：一般现在时、一般过去时+客观、真理、命题→一般现在时
  • 状语
    • now→then
    • today→that day
    • tonight→that night
    • ago→before，earlier
    • yesterday→the day before
    • last night→the night before
    • tomorrow→the next / following day
    • next…→the next / following
    • here→there
    • this,these→that,those
    • come→go
  • 句式
    • A. 陈述句式→that可省
      • eg. She said,"our bus will arrive in five minutes." →She said (that) their bus would arrive in five minutes.
    • B. 一般，选择，反意→if / whether
      • ①He said,"Can you swim,Tom?" →He asked Tom if / whether he could swim.
      • ②He asked,"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if / whether I went to school by bus or by bike.
      • ③He asked,"Tom is a boy,isn't he?'" →He asked whether Tom was a boy or not.
    • C. 特殊疑问句→Wh→陈述语序
      • She asked me,"When do they have their dinner?” →She asked me when they had their dinner.
    • D. 祈使句→简单句
      • Tell ( ask,order,beg(祈求)…) sb. (not) to do sth. The teacher said to the students,"Don't make any noise."→The teacher ordered to the students not to make any noise.
    • E. let's (祈使句) →直引※①+从句；② suggest +doing sth.
      • • eg.He said,"Let's go to the movies." →He suggested going to the movies. / He suggested that they should go to see the movies.
  • if and whether
    • ①通用
    • ②只能用whether 的情况
      • A. 在动词不定式前
        • eg. I can't decide whether to stay.
      • B. 在whether…or not / or中
        • eg. I want to know whether it's good news or not.
      • C. 在介词（ prep.）后，只能用"whether"
        • eg. I worried about whether he lose his work.
      • D. 当宾语从句放在句首时，只能用"whether"
        • eg. Whether you are here,I can't decide.
      • E.用if引起歧义时，只能用“whether”
        • eg. Could you tell me if you know the answer? 翻译：①如果你知道这个问题的答案，你能告诉我吗？ ②你能告诉我你是否知道这个问题的答案吗？ So: Could you tell me whether you know the answer?
  • that
    • ①通用
    • ②必须用that的情况
      • A. and连接两个宾语从句时，第二个从句加"that"
        • eg. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
      • B. 当that的从句作prep. 的宾语时
        • eg. I know nothing about him expect that his name is Tom.
      • C. that从句位于句首时
        • eg. That he ever said such a thing,I simple don't believe.
      • 插入语：主句+谓语，插入语+that+宾语从句
        • eg.We decide,in view of (鉴于) his help,that he can become our monitor.
  • 宾语从句
    • 1.定义：宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。
    • 2.方式：①v.+宾语；②prep.+宾语
    • 3.结构：①主句+pron. +从句； ②引导词+从句，主句
      • • ①主句+pron. +从句
          • eg. I think that you're at home.
      • • ②引导词+从句，主句
          • eg. Whether you're at home,I asked. /I asked whether you were at home.
• 定义：我还是很重要的
  • 直接引语：使用引号引出别人的话 间接引语：用自己的话把别人的话引出来