英语名词

英语中，名词的构成有其自身规律。下面的思维导图总结了关于名词构词的规律，让你从根源上加强对英语词汇的理解。导图总结了名词复数变化规律、不规则名词复数常见形式、不可数名词、作定语名词、”人“的表示、名词构词法、名词前的修饰。

英语语法名词

• 名词复数变化规律
  • -s
    • books/Germans
  • -s/-x/-ch/-sh→+es
    • glasses
  • 辅音＋y→-ies
    • factories
  • 元音＋y→＋s
    • holidays
  • photos
  • hero/Negro/potato/tomato→＋es
  • roof/belief/gulf/proof→＋s
  • self/knife→＋ives
• 不规则名词复数常见形式
  • deer/sheep/means/series/works/Chinese/Swiss/aircraft/spacecraft/fish/fruit→单复数同行
  • foot→feet/tooth→teeth/man→men/woman→women
  • medium→media/phenomenon→phnomena
  • 合成名词
    • passers-by/grown-ups
• 可数名词的单复数
  • 1)集体名词
    • people/police/cattle/the Chinese
  • maths/physics/politics
  • the united states/the united Nations
  • the times…/杂志，书，报纸，剧名
  • a pair of glasses
• 不可数名词
  • 常见不可数名词
    • knowledge/information/advice/progress/luck/equipment/homework/housework/furniture/fun/news/word消息/weather/luggage/baggage/music/work/room空间/man人类/traffic
  • 抽象名词具体化
    • success/failure/pleasure/surprise/shock/attraction/beauty/comfort/danger/delight/pride
• 名词所有格表所属关系
• 作定语名词
  • 材料，用途，时间，地点，内容，类别等作定语（单数）
  • 复数情况
    • sports meeting/sales man/goods train/a woman engineer/women engineer
  • 一个五年计划
    • a five years plan/a five-year plan
• 人
  • -er/-or/-ar
  • -ee
    • employee雇员/interviewee/retiree/waitress
  • -ess
    • actress/hostess
  • -ian
    • historian/musician/librarian/politican/physician内科医生
  • -ist
    • scientist/artist/biologist/journalist/physicist/typist/economist
  • -ant
    • assistant/attendant/accountant/applicant/participant
• 名词构词法
  • 动词变名词后缀
    • 1)-tion/-ion/-sion/-ation
      • correct→correction /compete→competition /describe→description /pronounce →pronunciation/conclude →conclusion/decide→decision /admit→ admission/permit→ /invite →invitation/explain→axplanation/prepare →preparation
    • 2)-er/-or/ar
      • reminder/cooker厨具/typewriter打字机
      • visitor/translator/director/editor/educator/actor /inventor/copetitor/conductor/monitor/professor/survivor/sailor
      • beggar/liar
      • grammar
    • 3)-ment
      • achievement/development/agrue→argument/government/environment
    • 4)-ance/-ence
      • appearance/performance
      • existence/preference
    • 5)-ing
      • hear→hearing/begin→beginning
    • 6)-ure/-ture
      • failure/mixture
    • 7)-y
      • recovery/discovery
    • 8)-al
      • arrival/survival/refusal
    • 其他
      • choose→chioce/vary→variety/tend→tendency
  • 形容词变名词后缀
    • 1)-age
      • short→shortage
    • 2)-cy
      • efficient→efficiency/fluent→fluency/accurate→accuracy/private→privacy
    • 3)-dom
      • free→freedom/wise→wisdom
    • 4)-ence
      • different→difference/silent→silence
    • 5)-ness
      • kindness善意/carelessness
    • 6)-th
      • strong→strength
      • warm→warmth
      • long→length
      • wide→width
      • deep→depth
    • 7)-y/-ty/-ity
      • honest→honesty
      • difficult→difficulty
    • 8)其他
      • curious→curiosity
      • anxious→anxiety
      • dangerous→danger
• 名词前的修饰
  • 可数
    • many/(a)few/a large number of/scores of/dozens of/a good many
  • 不可数
    • much/(a)little/a bit of/a great deal of/a large amount of
  • both
    • some/any/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a large quantity of